West-E Social Studies| 102 questions| with complete solutions

What did Aristotle and Plato believe about political science? correct answer: It would lead to order in political matters and that this organized order would create stable, just societies How did Thomas Aquinas influence political study? correct answer: He adapted the ideas of Aristotle to a Christian perspective. Focused on having certain rights and responsibilities. Laid the groundwork for what would become modern constitutionalism. How did Niccolo Machiavelli influence political study? correct answer: He wrote The Prince and was a proponent of politics based on power. How did Thomas Hobbes influence political study? correct answer: Author of Leviathan (1651); believed that individual's lives were focused on the quest for power; and the state must control this urge. People were unable to live in harmony without government intervention. How did John Locke influence political study? correct answer: Wrote Two Treatises of Civil Government (1690); argued against Hobbes ideas; idea of "tabula rasa" or blank slate; Experience molds individual minds, not innate knowledge or intuition; all men were essentially good; many of his ideas were included in the US Constitution How did Montesquieu and Rousseau influence political study? correct answer: () heavily influenced the French revolution; believed government policies should change to alleviate existing problems "liberalism" Wrote: "The Social Contract (1762); "Declaration of he Rights of Man" and "The Citizen (1789) How did Hume and Bentham influence political study? correct answer: "the greatest happiness for the greatest number"; believed in empiricism - proof must be observed in order to believe an idea How did John Stuart Mill influence political study? correct answer: British philosopher and economist; progressive - women's suffrage; emancipation; and development of labor organizations and farming coops () How did Fichte and Hegel influence political study? correct answer: 18th century German philosophers; supported a form of liberalism grounded largely in socialism and a sense of nationalism What is liberalism? correct answer: Belief that government policies should change to alleviate existing problems What is paternalism? correct answer: Condescending belief that a superior is "helping" someone in a subordinate position (like master to slave) because that person is incapable of helping themselves