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Iman Mohamed Dierckx Familiaal vermogensrecht 2022-2023
FAMILIAAL VERMOGENSRECHT
Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Situering van het familiaal vermogensrecht........................................................................................................5
De klassieke tripartite...........................................................................................................................................6
Relatievermogensrecht....................................................................................................................................6
Erfrecht.............................................................................................................................................................7
GIften................................................................................................................................................................7
Deel 1 Relatievermogensrecht....................................................................................................................... 8
Inleiding................................................................................................................................................................8
Onderdeel 1. Huwelijksvermogensrecht...............................................................................................................8
Het primair stelsel............................................................................................................................................9
Secundair huwelijksvermogensrecht.............................................................................................................15
Inleiding..........................................................................................................................................................15
Het wettelijk stelsel........................................................................................................................................16
Structuur....................................................................................................................................................16
Ratione temporis........................................................................................................................................17
Statuut van de goederen................................................................................................................................18
Actief..........................................................................................................................................................19
Definitief passief........................................................................................................................................30
Bestuur over de goederen..............................................................................................................................36
Algemeen...................................................................................................................................................36
Bestuur van het eigen vermogen...................................................................................................................36
Bestuur van het gemeenschappelijk vermogen.............................................................................................37
Handhaving bestuursregeling.........................................................................................................................39
Ontbinding, vereffening en verdeling.................................................................................................................40
Ontbinding......................................................................................................................................................40
Vereffening- verdeling...............................................................................................................................44
1. Samenstelling van de vermogens......................................................................................................44
2. Opmaak vergoedingsrekeningen.......................................................................................................45
3. Verrekening van de gemeenschappelijke lasten...............................................................................48
4. Verrekening van de vergoedingen.....................................................................................................49
5. Verdeling van de netto- baten...........................................................................................................49
Oefencollege 1................................................................................................................................................51
Vraag 1.......................................................................................................................................................51
Vraag 2.......................................................................................................................................................55
Vraag 3.......................................................................................................................................................56
Conventionele stelsels........................................................................................................................................57
Gemeenschapsstelsels....................................................................................................................................60
Bedingen inzake het statuut van de goederen..........................................................................................61
Bedingen inzake de vereffening van het GV..............................................................................................63
Kwalificatie van de voordelen....................................................................................................................66
Lot van de huwelijksvoordelen en overlevingsrechten (1)........................................................................68
Lot van de huwelijksvoordelen (en overlevingsrechten) in andere gevallen dan overlijden....................69
Lot van de huwelijksvoordelen (2).............................................................................................................69
Stelsels van scheiding van goederen..............................................................................................................71
Zuivere scheiding van goederen................................................................................................................71
Statuut van de goederen:......................................................................................................................71
Bestuur...................................................................................................................................................72
Scheiding van goederen met correcties.....................................................................................................74
Zuivere scheiding van goederen................................................................................................................75
Oefencollege 2................................................................................................................................................76
Vraag 1.......................................................................................................................................................76
Samenwoningsvermogensrecht.........................................................................................................................80
Samenwoning.................................................................................................................................................80
Wettelijke samenwoning................................................................................................................................80
Wettelijke regeling.....................................................................................................................................80
Conventionele regeling..............................................................................................................................82
Feitelijke samenwoning..................................................................................................................................83
wettelijke regeling......................................................................................................................................83
conventionele regeling...............................................................................................................................84
Deel 2 Erfrecht............................................................................................................................................. 84
Algemene inleiding.............................................................................................................................................84
Openvallen van de nalatenschap...................................................................................................................86
Voorwaarden vereist om te erven.................................................................................................................87
Leven..........................................................................................................................................................87
Niet onwaardig zijn....................................................................................................................................88
Overgang van de nalatenschap......................................................................................................................91
Saisine // overdracht van voorlopig bezitsrecht........................................................................................91
Eigendomsoverdracht................................................................................................................................91
Wettelijke devolutie............................................................................................................................................93
De erfgerechtigde bloedverwanten...............................................................................................................93
Toewijzingscriteria: orde, graad, lijn..........................................................................................................94
A. Orde...................................................................................................................................................95
B. Graad.................................................................................................................................................96
C. Lijn.....................................................................................................................................................96
Kwantitatieve toewijzingsregelen..............................................................................................................96
Uitzondering 1: kloving..........................................................................................................................97
Gewone kloving.................................................................................................................................98
Kleine kloving....................................................................................................................................98
Langstlevende echtgenoot.................................................................................................................................99
Voorwaarden vereist om te erven.................................................................................................................99
Omvang van de erfrechtelijke aanspraken..................................................................................................100
De langstlevende echtgenote komt op met afstammelingen.................................................................100
De langstlevende echtgenote komt op met bloedverwanten van tweede of derde orde:.....................102
De langstlevende echtgenote komt enkel op met bloedverwanten van vierde orde / zonder
bloedverwanten: volle eigendom van hele nalatenschap.......................................................................103
Bijzondere kenmerken van het erfrechtelijk vruchtgebruik........................................................................103
De langstlevende wettelijk samenwonende partner........................................................................................106
Verdeling nalatenschap....................................................................................................................................106
Wat is inbreng?.............................................................................................................................................107
Wie kan inbreng vragen?.........................................................................................................................108
Wanneer is er inbreng?............................................................................................................................109
Hypothese 1 – erfgenaam-bloedverwant is begiftigde van een gift binnen erfdeel..........................110
Hypothese 2 – erfgenaam-bloedverwant is schuldenaar van de erflater – art. 4.94 ev BW..............114
Hoe gebeurt inbreng?...................................................................................................................................114
Positie LL EG.............................................................................................................................................116
impact schenkingen.............................................................................................................................116
Résumé positie – art. 4.19 BW............................................................................................................117
toegepast 1...............................................................................................................................................117
toegepast 2...............................................................................................................................................118
Conventionele devolutie – erfovereenkomsten................................................................................................119
Overzicht.......................................................................................................................................................119
Instrumenten van de conventionele devolutie............................................................................................120
Principieel verbod van erfovereenkomsten.................................................................................................120
Toegelaten erfovereenkomsten: art. 4.243 BW...........................................................................................121
Algemene regels inzake totstandkoming.....................................................................................................122
Algemene regels inzake gevolgen................................................................................................................123
Sanctie op verboden of ongeldige erfovereenkomsten...............................................................................123
Bespreking van enkele wettelijke uitzonderingen.......................................................................................123
1. Contractuele erfstelling........................................................................................................................124
2. Overeenkomst tot afstand van erfrechtelijke aanspraken door de langstlevende echtgenote.........124
Artikel 2.3.2 BW: de zgn. ‘Valkeniersclausule’....................................................................................125
3. De globale erfovereenkomst................................................................................................................126
Intermezzo: ‘generatiesprong’.................................................................................................................127
4. Een erfovereenkomst over inbreng.....................................................................................................128
Schema.........................................................................................................................................................129
Inhoudelijke grenzen aan de conventionele devolutie – reserve................................................................130
Wie is reservatair?...................................................................................................................................130
Hoeveel?...................................................................................................................................................131
Omvang van de reserve - samenloop ll.eg. met afst...........................................................................132
Techniek van de reservebescherming – Kwantitatief..............................................................................133
1. Samenstelling rekenboedel.............................................................................................................133
2. Aanrekening.....................................................................................................................................134
3. Inkorting...........................................................................................................................................137
Techniek reservebescherming – kwalitatief............................................................................................138
Ontneming van de reserve?.....................................................................................................................139
Oefencollege 3..............................................................................................................................................140
Vraag 1.....................................................................................................................................................140
Vraag 2.....................................................................................................................................................141
Vraag 3.....................................................................................................................................................142
Oefencollege 4..............................................................................................................................................143
Vraag 1.....................................................................................................................................................143
Vraag 2.....................................................................................................................................................147
Deel 3 Giften.............................................................................................................................................. 150
1. Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................150
Classificatie...................................................................................................................................................150
kenmerken schenking...................................................................................................................................151
kenmerken testament..................................................................................................................................151
houding van de wetgever.............................................................................................................................151
Constitutieve bestanddelen van een gift.....................................................................................................152
Kwalificatie...............................................................................................................................................152
Algemene grondvereisten – inleiding......................................................................................................153
Toestemming.......................................................................................................................................154
A. Volwaardige toestemming..........................................................................................................154
B. Toestemming, vrij van gebreken.................................................................................................155
Bekwaamheid......................................................................................................................................157
, Iman Mohamed Dierckx Familiaal vermogensrecht 2022-2023
Rechtsonbekwaamheid...................................................................................................................158
Rechtsonbekwaamheid om te schenken....................................................................................158
Handelingsonbekwaamheid............................................................................................................159
Handelingsonbekwaamheid om te schenken.............................................................................160
Handelingsonbekwaamheid om te ontvangen...........................................................................160
rechtspersonen...........................................................................................................................161
Oorzaak................................................................................................................................................161
Verval van giften...........................................................................................................................................162
Ongeoorloofde of onmogelijke voorwaarde of last.....................................................................................162
Tenietgaan van giften...................................................................................................................................163
Ontbinding van giften..............................................................................................................................163
Schenkingen......................................................................................................................................................164
De overeenkomst schenking........................................................................................................................164
Geldigheidsvereisten................................................................................................................................165
Inhoudelijke geldigheidsvereisten.......................................................................................................165
Vormvereisten - formalisme................................................................................................................166
Vormvereisten-deformalisering..........................................................................................................167
Handgift...........................................................................................................................................167
Vermomde schenking......................................................................................................................168
Onrechtstreekse schenking.............................................................................................................168
Vormvereisten: sanctie...............................................................................................................169
Dadelijkheid.........................................................................................................................................169
Onherroepelijkheid..............................................................................................................................169
Testamenten.....................................................................................................................................................170
Definitie – constitutieve bestanddelen........................................................................................................170
Totstandkomingsvereisten...........................................................................................................................171
Kwalificatie van de legaten...........................................................................................................................171
Vormvereisten..........................................................................................................................................172
Het notarieel testament...............................................................................................................................172
Het internationaal testament.......................................................................................................................173
Het eigenhandig testament..........................................................................................................................174
Vormvereisten – gevolgen.......................................................................................................................175
Tenietgaan van het testament/ legaat.........................................................................................................176
INLEIDING
Wat is familiaal vermogensrecht?
Het is een onderdeel van het privaatrecht, en dus van het burgerlijk
recht. FVR slaat brug tussen P&F en anderzijds vermogensrecht.
Regelt de vermogensrechtelijke aspecten van het familie- en gezinsrecht
Recht in hervorming!
Burgerlijk recht in het algemeen is in transitie. Bij IP -> kennismaking met NBW,
plannen om verbintenissenrecht te hervormen in een nieuw boek 5. Het
goederenrecht is al hervormd in Boek 3. Familiaal Vermogensrecht is ook
overgeheveld naar een ‘Nieuw’ BW. Dat maakt dat het boek dat je als
lesmateriaal krijgt -> verwijst naar bepalingen van Oud BW. Er is een Codexje
FMV waar de bepalingen van oud en nieuw recht naast elkaar staan. Deze nieuwe
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