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OCR geography notes and case studies on Global Migration
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Notes and case studies in relation to OCR Geography exam specification for Global Migration.
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Global systems: Global Migration1.What are contemporary patterns of global migration?
1b. Current patterns international migration related to global patterns of socio-economic
development
People Money Ideas Technology
Stability Where there is an Migrant remittances Returning migrants Flows of money
ageing popn, source of foreign acquired new ideas made
youthful migrant exchange contribute and values including easier+secure+efficie
popn contribute to a to economic stability democracy and nt through use of
more balanced age equality, contribute to technology e.g.
structure and popn peacebuilding and mobile money
growth conflict resolution transfers made more
reliable through
programming
Growth Migrants can fill skill GDP and tax base os Stimulate multiplier Increase of use of
gaps at local + host nation boosted effect, funding, technology people
national scales by working migrants investment, new create more global
Multiplier effect e.g. markets connections- growth
investment of business or
individual
Development Diaspora Skills and knowledge Migrants can create Being used to assess
associations acquired by returning networks ease of areas in crisis
including social migrants can benefit flow, skills, values, through crisis
networks countries of origin financial resources, mapping. Developed
UN migration ideas through and used by
development projects diaspora international
partner countries associations organisations and
public+private including social NGOs
bottom-up approach networks IDP vulnerability
assessment and
profiling project
(IVAP) Pakistan
People Money Ideas Technology
Conflicts + Contra-flow of social Contra-flow of HR violations Some countries lack
Injustices remittances financial remittances Conflict border of access/ banned
Lack of Go back towards patrols access to broadband
opportunities- human ACs rather than Can inhibit relief
trafficking LIDCs who organisations
, 2.Why has migration become increasingly complex?
2a. Global migration patterns are influenced by a multitude of factors
-Changes in 21st century
-Increased connectivity (time-space compression), travel, money transfer, education
South-North=South-South High concentration
Young+Female migrants
Economic globalisation leading -Myanmar to Thailand largest -Along with economic globalisation,
to development new source ASEAN corridor, Thailand southeast and development of new
areas + host destinations Asia’s fastest growing economy destinations, as well as young
In order to resolve labour shortages migrant workers seeking better
in agriculture, fisheries, employment + income, more
construction+manufacturing- opportunity for female migrants
significant no.Burmese migrants especially in ACs, job opportunities
seeking employment abroad for females and better rights following
Thailand offering 300 baht (US$9) changing flows of ideas and social
10x that of Myanmar wages equality, norms, values and beliefs
-Southern countries, below brandt -More developed areas more females
line beginning to offer more than males, opposite for lower
incentives to encourage South-South developed countries
migration, incr remittances +further -More female migrants are migrating
economic growth independently for work, education
-Incr ease of transport, education, and as heads of households
money transfers + communication= -In high-income countries, female
ability to access more destinations migrants are increasingly better
*ASEAN=Association of Southeast educated yet they are less likely to
Asian Nations
be employed
Changes in national -Pakistan pro-emigration policy -Pakistan pro-emigration policy it
immigration+emigration pushes Pakistani citizens to migrate also aims at encouraging female
policies abroad in order to work and then participation in overseas
send remittances back to Pakistan, it employment, support for social
also aims at encouraging female networks and associations abroad
participation in overseas (Pakistani diaspora), training
employment, support for social institutions to help Pakistani youth,
networks and associations abroad enhancement of the Impact of
(Pakistani diaspora), training economic remittances.
institutions to help Pakistani youth, Pakistan has a significant young age
enhancement of the Impact of structure (45% of its population)
economic remittances. meaning lots looking for employment
-Total 2,845,463 emigrants opportunities
from Pakistan to Gulf Council -Canada’s imigration policy aims to
countries 2008-2013 address the skills gap in the labour
market- country’s long term
=South-South
requirements for engineers, IT
-ASEAN (not national)promotes specialists and health care.
intra-regional migration for economic There is a 1200 point system which
reasons enables young, highly skilled
-Canada’s imigration policy immigrants to be fast-tracked.
-In short term, Canada have agreed Young applicants around the age
to take 10,000 Syrian Refugees over of 20 are more likely to be
a three- year period from 2015 employed. While Canadian citizens
are being aimed to be employed first,
however, migrants are just as likely to
be employed.
-The National Plan of Action for
Human Trafficking led by the Lao
PDR government has three strands:
-Prevention: awareness campaigns,
education, child protection, alleviation
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