HESI A2 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EXAM PRACTICE QUESTION AND ANSWERS

HESI A2 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE QUESTION AND ANSWERS 1. What is a clear, watery fluid found in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye? A. Vitreous humor B. Ciliary body C. Lacrimal gland D. Aqueous humor Answer: D Rationale: Aqueous humor is a clear, watery fluid similar in composition to blood plasma and is commonly found in the anterior and posterior chambers. The posterior cavity, located dorsal to the lens, contains the (A) vitreous humor, a thick, clear, gelatinous fluid. The (B) ciliary body is the structure of the eye that releases the aqueous humor. The (C) lacrimal gland continually secretes tears which moisten, lubricate, and protect the surface of the eyes. 2. What is correct about the aqueous humor? A. It balances absorption and pressure in the anterior chamber B. It is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary bodies C. Its inability to circulate freely can cause elevated intraocular pressure D. All of the above Answer: D Rationale: All three choices describe how the aqueous fluid forms and circulates in the eye. The aqueous humor’s inability to absorb could develop into an increased intraocular pressure which may lead to blindness when the pressure is transmitted to the vitreous humor. 3. All of the following are phagocytes EXCEPT: A. Neutrophil B. Lymphocytes C. Eosinophil D. Monocytes Answer: B Rationale: (A) Neutrophils are capable of phagocytosis, or destruction of bacteria. (B) Lymphocytes offer mediate immune responses, including antigen-antibody reactions. (C) Eosinophils are phagocytes that protect you from parasites. (D) Monocytes are phagocytes that defend against bacteria and viruses. 4. When a person is seen walking in heels, the ankle is described as being in what position? A. Plantar flexion B. Dorsiflexion C. Eversion D. Abduction Answer: A Rationale: (A) Plantar flexion is the movement which decreases the angle between the sole of the foot and the back of the leg, like ballerinas dancing. (B).Dorsiflexion decreases the angle between the dorsum of the foot and the leg (C) Eversion is a turning outward or inside out, such as a turning of the foot outward at the ankle. (D) Abduction refers to a motion that pulls a body part away from the midline, like abducting your arms when you open them out like a bird. 5. Which of the following statements best illustrates a correct anatomical position? A. Standing erect without moving facing down and thumbs pointing towards the body B. Standing erect with palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the body C. Standing erect with palms facing forward and thumbs pointing towards the body D. Standing erect with palms facing down and thumbs pointing away from the body Answer: B Rationale: A correct anatomical position is exactly as described in answer choice B. This position is used as a reference to describe sites, motions, body planes and regions. 6. A frontal section divides the body into: A. Right and left parts B. Anterior and posterior parts C. Midsagittal and median section D. Superior and inferior parts Answer: B Rationale: Frontal or coronal plane divide the body into front and back (also called dorsal and ventral or posterior and anterior) sections. (A) describes the sagittal or lateral plane, a left to right cut. (C) explains that the plane may be in the centre of the body and split it into two halves (midsagittal). (D) refers to transverse planes, also known as the axial or horizontal planes, dividing the body into top and bottom parts. The top and bottom sections also called the superior and inferior sections. 7. Which of the following is seen mostly inside the epiphyses of each long bone? A. Yellow marrow