Complete samenvatting personen- familie en relatievermogensrecht ()
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Course
Personen-, familie- en relatievermogensrecht
Institution
Universiteit Gent (UGent)
Dit document is een geheel van alle nota's uit de lessen en zou ruimschoots voldoende moeten zijn voor het examen. Ook alle toepasselijke rechtspraak is verwerkt, net als de examenvragen die behandeld werden in de lessen.
RELATIEVERMOGENSRECHT UGent
Academiejaar:
2022 - 2023
Door Prof. Gerd Verschelden
, INHOUDSTAFEL
Inhoudstafel......................................................................................................................................................1
Cursusmateriaal....................................................................................................................................9
Examen.................................................................................................................................................9
1) Afstamming................................................................................................................................................10
1.1 Algemeen..............................................................................................................................................10
A) Afstamming vs. adoptie......................................................................................................................10
B) Bloedverwanten (o.b.v. afstamming).................................................................................................10
C) Aanverwanten (o.b.v. huwelijk)..........................................................................................................11
Conclusie.............................................................................................................................................11
Systeem van de graden.......................................................................................................................11
D) Afstammings- en erfrecht en EVRM...................................................................................................11
Afstammings- en erfrecht en de Belgische grondwet.........................................................................11
1.2 Vaststelling v/d afstamming (moederschap)........................................................................................12
A) Vermelding v/d naam v/d moeder in de geboorte akte (art. 312, §1 junctio art. 44, 2° oud BW)......12
B) Erkenning door een vrouw (art. 313 oud BW)....................................................................................13
C) Gerechtelijke vaststelling van moederschap (art. 314 oud BW).........................................................13
D) Bijzondere regels voor overspelige kinderen.....................................................................................13
E) Bijzondere regels voor bloedschennige kinderen...............................................................................13
1.3 Vastelling v/d afstamming (vaderschap)...............................................................................................13
A) De vaderschapsregel (= binnen het huwelijk).....................................................................................14
Vaderschapsconflict............................................................................................................................14
B) Vaststelling v/h vaderschap buiten het huwelijk................................................................................15
Erkenning............................................................................................................................................15
C) Onderzoek naar het vaderschap.....................................................................................................17
Bewijs van vaderschap = noodzakelijk (art. 324 oud BW)...................................................................17
Bewijs van niet-vaderschap...............................................................................................................17
1.4 Vaststelling v/d afstamming (meemoederschap).................................................................................18
A) Principes.............................................................................................................................................18
B) Binnen of buiten het huwelijk?...........................................................................................................19
1.5 Betwisting v/d afstamming...................................................................................................................19
A) Langs moederszijde............................................................................................................................19
Betwisting v/d moederlijke erkenning................................................................................................19
Betwisting van gerechtelijk vastgesteld moederschap (art. 331decies oud BW)................................20
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, B) Langs vaderszijde................................................................................................................................20
Betwisting v/h vaderschap v/d echtgenoot (art. 318 oud BW)...........................................................20
Betwisting v/d vaderlijke erkenning....................................................................................................23
C) Langs meemoederszijde.....................................................................................................................24
Betwisting meemoederschap v/d echtgenote....................................................................................24
Betwisting erkenning v/d meemoeder...............................................................................................25
1.6 Gevolgen v/d afstamming.....................................................................................................................25
A) Algemene regel + enkele specifieke uitzonderingen i.v.m. de overspelige afstamming....................25
Uitzondering m.b.t. de overspelige afstamming.................................................................................25
B) Familienaam.......................................................................................................................................26
Basisregels in art. 335, 335bis en 335ter oud BW...............................................................................26
Vordering tot naamsbetwisting..........................................................................................................29
Procedures tot verandering van naam en voornamen.......................................................................29
Procedures tot naamsverbetering......................................................................................................30
C) Wettelijke erfopvolging......................................................................................................................31
D) Alimentatie.........................................................................................................................................31
De gemeenrechtelijke familiale alimentatieplicht..............................................................................31
Drie bijzondere onderhoudsverplichtingen van ouders......................................................................33
Onderhoudsplicht ten laste v/d nalatenschap....................................................................................36
Pluraliteit van onderhoudsverplichtingen en onderhoudsgerechtigden.............................................37
Verhaal inzake onderhoudsgelden......................................................................................................37
Gerechtelijke stappen na niet-naleving..............................................................................................38
Dienstverlening door DAVO................................................................................................................39
Algemeen voorrecht op roerend goed................................................................................................40
E) (ouderlijk gezag).................................................................................................................................40
2) Adoptie.......................................................................................................................................................41
2.1 Historiek................................................................................................................................................41
2.2 Grondvoorwaarden voor adoptie.........................................................................................................41
A) Instellingsvoorwaarden......................................................................................................................41
B) Vereisten inzake burgerlijke staat......................................................................................................42
C) Grondvoorwaarden............................................................................................................................43
D) Leeftijdsvereisten...............................................................................................................................43
E) Toestemmingen tot adoptie...............................................................................................................44
Wie moet toestemmen?.....................................................................................................................44
Hoe toestemmen of toestemming weigeren? (art. 348-8 oud BW en 348-10 oud BW).....................44
Intrekking v/e gegeven toestemming (art. 348-8 oud BW).................................................................45
2.3 Adoptieprocedure.................................................................................................................................47
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, A) Voorbereiding tot adoptie..................................................................................................................47
B) Vaststelling van de geschiktheid om te adopteren (minderjarige).....................................................47
C) Fasen in de rechtspleging...................................................................................................................48
Verhoor van alle betrokkenen............................................................................................................48
Onderzoek door de rechtbank............................................................................................................48
Specifiek: wachttermijn......................................................................................................................49
Specifiek: wijziging v/d adoptievorm tijdens de procedure................................................................49
Rechtsmiddelen..................................................................................................................................49
Administratieve formaliteiten.............................................................................................................49
2.4 Gevolgen van de adoptie......................................................................................................................49
A) Algemeen...........................................................................................................................................49
B) Gevolgen van de gewone adoptie......................................................................................................49
Basisprincipes.....................................................................................................................................49
Naam en voornaam (art. 353-1 tot 6 oud BW)...................................................................................50
Ouderlijk gezag (art. 353-8 tot 10 oud BW)........................................................................................51
Huwelijksbeletselen (art. 353-13 oud BW).........................................................................................52
Alimentatie (art. 353-14 oud BW).......................................................................................................52
Erfrecht (niet te kennen voor examen)...............................................................................................52
C) Gevolgen van de volle adoptie...........................................................................................................52
Algemeen............................................................................................................................................52
Ouderlijk gezag...................................................................................................................................52
Naam..................................................................................................................................................52
Onderhoudsverplichtingen.................................................................................................................53
Erfrecht (niet te kennen voor examen)...............................................................................................53
2.5 Herziening van de adoptie....................................................................................................................53
Art. 351 oud BW.................................................................................................................................53
Art. 354-1 tot 3 oud BW......................................................................................................................53
Nieuwe adoptie...................................................................................................................................53
Vaststelling v/d afstamming na adoptie.............................................................................................54
Omzetting van gewone adoptie in volle adoptie.................................................................................55
3) Beschermde minderjarigen........................................................................................................................55
3.1 IVRK......................................................................................................................................................55
3.2 Principiële handelingsonbekwaamheid v/d minderjarige.....................................................................56
A) Materiële rechtshandelingen.............................................................................................................56
B) Proceshandelingen.............................................................................................................................56
C) Uitzonderlijke handelingsbekwaamheid van de minderjarige............................................................56
Handelingen die de minderjarige alleen kan verrichten.....................................................................56
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