Chromosome Abnormalities, Cytogenetics and Disorder
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Course
Molecular And Cellular Biology (M2M)
Institution
University Of Central Lancashire Preston (UClan)
1. Provides contrast between numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. Defines polyploidy on aneuploidy. Determines which parental meiosis is a non-disjunction. Describes major types of structural chromosome movie arrangements and describes balanced or unbalanced chromosome.
2. Describes...
-common cause of infertility recurrent miscarriage
-
s0% of Isttomester miscamage
-most are spontaneous
chromosomes or content
-can affect change in number of
of individual chromosomes.
chromosomes in
·changes number
of complete
('n), trisomy (3n)
without
any loss/gain
in
genetic thatresults
set of chromosomes (all ·
eg. monsomy material
retrasomy (4n) phenotypic effects
triploidy (3n)-incompatible
has
effect
·
eg. andthe
·no
phenotypic duplication is
withlifecausedby asperms caused by non-disjunctions translocation eg. deletions,
eg. inversions,
during meiosis
unequal crossing over
etaploidy(a-comparblethathappened
·experiences
J
repeats misalign Prophase
-
in
-when
with life
meiosis" "after lot Meiosis I
division after fertilization
"In the beninging"
incompatible with human life
most numerical abnormalities are
except trisomy 13,18,21.
Non-Disjunctions
it can occur in either mum or dad chromosomes
occurred
· in monosomies, it is impossible to know when non-disjunction
instead of one.
·
intrisomies, child gets 2 copies from parents
Meiosis 1
Yoon-disjunction
↳if the 2 chromosomes identical when -
from the same parent are
non-identical -
Meiosis I occurred
↳nondisjunction mostly occurs in maternal
meiosis
Cyto genetics
of chromosomes, their structure, inheritance abnormalities
study ofcentromere
until 1970s, chromosomes were identified by
size position
-classification: meta, submeta,acro-centric
&13, 14, 15,21,22
karyotype
mmm
(somatic, sexual) displayed
an individual's chromosomes
fixing digestion analysis
goes through culture (3days)
-> cell -> ->
of Kanyotype
ideogram: schematic representation
minding
bands due to staining
pattern of light "dark
↓ d
enchromatic heterochromation
banarchaque fines
·omenclatureamomosome 1,2,3etc
1 -
23 porg vizetc 1i2setc
8
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