WGC- C909 – Elementary Question and Answer (updated) 2023

WGC- C909 – Elementary Question and Answer (updated) 2023 Balanced Literacy is comprised of the following? reading workshop, writing workshop, word work What happens during shared reading? Teacher provides explicit comprehension instruction Reading A-Z's collection of projectable Big Books supports developmentally appropriate skills, such as concepts of print, as well as reinforces specific reading skills and strategies. What teacher models are part of shared reading? Teachers model close reading, text-dependent questioning, and strategies for asking and answering questions with each projectable "big" book as they follow a five-day lesson. What are the three components of Reading Workshop? Read Aloud/Modeled Reading, Shared reading, guided reading and independent reading What is guided reading? - teacher reinforces skills while students work in small group. - teacher engages children in questioning and discussion. - teacher acts as a guide - child does the reading - child practices strategies - child build independence What is shared reading? - teacher models reading strategies - Extends understanding of the reading process - teacher models reading strategies from either big book, overhead or chard paper while students listen and interact. What is the Read Aloud/Modeled Reading - demonstrates proficient reading - expands access to text beyond child's ability - exposes child to a variety of genres (content area) - teacher reads while student listen What is the Write Aloud/Modeled Writing? - demonstrates proficient writing - expands access to writing beyond child's ability - exposes children to a variety of genres What is Shared Writing? - teacher models writing strategies on chart paper or overhead while children listen and interact. - TEACHER SCRIBES - opportunity for Word Work - extends the understanding of the writing process What is Guided Writing? - teacher reinforces skills while children are in small groups - teacher engages children in questioning and discussion - child does the writing - child practices strategies - child builds independence What is Independent Writing? - child chooses topic - child practices at his or her independent level - time to practice demonstrates the value of writing What is Interactive Writing? As in shared writing, teacher and children compose messages and stories that are written using a "shared pen" technique that involves children in the writing. What are the key elements of reading/concepts taught during Reading Workshop? Phonological Awareness Phonemic Awareness Fluency Vocabulary Comprehension Strategies Genres What are some comprehension strategies used for reading? Previewing Predicting Asking Questions Inferring Imaging Summarizing Critical Reading What are the key elements of writing/concepts taught during Writing Workshop? Phonics Vocabulary Comprehension Spelling The Conventions of Writing Writing Craft What are the strategies of Writing Craft? Purpose Composing Sequencing Drafting Editing Researching Writing in different genres What are the concepts taught during word study? Phonological Awareness Phonemic Awareness Phonics (decoding, word analysis, sight words) Vocabulary Spelling What is fluency? the ability to read a text orally with speed, accuracy, expression and comprehension What does a student need to do to become a fluent reader? students need to do a lot of silent reading in material they fund interesting, enjoyable,, and relatively easy. What activities can a student engage in to become a fluent oral reader? paired reading, echo reading, and repeated reading Phonemic awareness refers to? a. knowledge about spelling patterns b. knowledge about the letters that represent particular sounds. c. knowledge that spoken words are composed of somewhat separable sounds. d. knowledge of the alphabet c. knowledge that spoke words are composed of separable sounds. Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear (or be aware of) the individual sounds in SPOKEN words. Phonemic Awareness is necessary for? a. reading b. listening c. speaking d. all of the above a. reading children who have not developed phonemic awareness are? a. not yet ready for school and should wait another year to enter? b. not yet ready for literacy instruction and should spend much of their time in confidence-building activities. c. in need of drilling on the letters and sounds of the alphabet. d. in need of activities such as rhyming and segmenting sounds. d. in need of activities such as rhyming and segmenting sounds. Feedback Phonemic awareness does not develop naturally and some students need a good deal of assistance in gaining this abstract concept.Phonemic awareness does not develop with time so waiting to begin school will not help.Students do not need to be high in confidence to develop phonemic awareness and since it is not related to letters, drilling students on letter/sound relationships will not help develop this skill. Research supports that teaching phonics....? a. is unnecessary, as most children will acquire these skills without formal instruction. b. results in minimal achievement gains. c. is harmful, as formal instruction in these skills. d. is beneficial when taught explicitly and systematically. d. is beneficial when taught explicitly and systematically. Students need to have strong phonics skills to read well. Understanding the relationship between letters and sounds will allow readers to decode words rapidly. Which of the following activities are example of effective word-study instruction? a. blending words b. making words c. sorting words by spelling patterns d. all of the above d. all of the above Blending the sounds of a word, making words, and sorting words by spelling patterns are all effective ways to help students gain the essential understanding of how words work. The ultimate goal of word study instruction is....? a. sight word reading b. effective decoding c. analogizing d. comprehension d. comprehension The reason for teaching readers to improve their word analyzing abilities is so they can recognize words quickly which ultimately improves comprehension. All phonics and word recognition instruction should focus on the goal of comprehension. Fluency includes prosody, which is...? a. speed and expression b. appropriate reading level c. rate and accuracy d. intonation, stress, and phrasing d. intonation, stress, and phrasing Fluency has three elements: 1. accuracy, 2. rate or speed, 3. prosody is the intonation, stress, and phasing a reader uses which indicates understanding when reading. Repeated oral readings are most effective when texts are? a. easy and automatic b. slightly challenging c. on grade-level d. read aloud b. slightly challenging Readers can become complacent if a text use for repeated readings is too easy. Also, not all students can read an 'on-grade-level' text...but can still practice fluency (accuracy, rate, prosody - expression and phrasing) with a text at their appropriate reading level. Listening to a teacher read aloud is a great way to observe reading fluently...but to practice reading with fluency...the reader must be reading. Which of these marks good fluency instruction...? a. students do lots of round robin reading in groups b. teachers make students' progress public c. students do a lot of reading in non-taxing situations d. students read on easy material c. students do a lot of reading in non-taxing situations Round-robin reading (when one student reads aloud in a group) has been proven to be highly ineffective and should rarely be used. It has been proven students who are supposed to be listening and following along as one students read - are not engaged - but may be 'tuning out' or 'reading ahead' to practice the part they are required to read aloud. Making student progress public can degrade student confidence in themselves and in their teachers. Reading only easy material provides no challenge and so students will not improve their fluency. Students add to their reading, writing, speaking and listening vocabularies most effectively by....? a. using context clues for unknown words. b. listening to read alouds and books on tape. c. a combination of independent word learning and direct teaching of individual words. d. memorizing weekly lists of vocabulary words. c. a combination of independent word learning and direct teaching of individual words. Students learn 3,000 to 4,000 each year and it is essential teachers provide direct instruction of word meanings. However, because of the number of words that must be learned annually, teachers must teach students strategies so they can learn word independently such as using context as a clue and using a dictionary. Wide reading....? a. is among the best predictors of vocabulary size. b. does little to increase vocabulary size. c. is done by most students. d. is only an effective method for increasing vocabulary for more proficient readers. a. is among the best predictors of vocabulary size. Students learn many of the words that make up their vocabularies from reading! Effective student use of comprehension strategies leads to..? a. decreased student motivation b. increased decoding abilities c. more fluent reading. d. deeper understanding of the text being read. d. deeper understanding of the text being read Good readers have a wide range of comprehension strategies available and they use them flexibly to understand what they are reading. All of the following are comprehension strategies used by mature readers except....? a. determining what is important b. answering teacher-generated questions after reading c. imagining and creating graphic representations d. asking and answering questions b. answering teacher-generated questions after reading. Comprehension strategies take place in a reader's mind as they consciously employ a plan to understand what they are reading. These 'plans' are flexible and can be applied to any text. A metacognitive reader is one who....? a. uses all nine of the key strategies each time he/she reads b. actively monitors her reading c. reads every word correctly d. understands a text the first time she reads it. b. actively monitors her reading Metacognition involves thinking about your own thinking.Being metacognitive in reading means you are constantly checking on yourself or monitoring your reading. When planning a year-long strategy instruction curriculum....? a. plan to teach all nine comprehension strategies in the school year. b. teach exactly what your core reading program suggests. c. choose a few key strategies to teach in-depth. d. start the year with teaching inferencing. c. choose a few key strategies to teach in-depth It is important to teach students to use the comprehension strategies effectively and this takes time to learn. Therefore, choose a few appropriate strategies for your grade level and teach them all year. It might be a good idea to have meetings with the entire staff to decide which comprehension strategies are most appropriate to teach in each grade. During reading workshop students...? a. complete comprehension questions as an anchor activity. b. apply a reading skill or strategy to a self-selected text. c. work exclusively in cooperative group d. read independently the entire time. b. apply a reading skill or strategy to a self-selected text. The purpose of reading workshop is for students to practice applying a reading skill or strategy the teacher has demonstrated. During reading workshop students are involved in a variety of authentic reading activities. The workshop might include whole group strategy demonstration, conferring with the teacher individually or in a small group, and reading teacher-selected and self-selected texts at an appropriate level. Phonics is what? The relationship between letters and sounds Phonemic awareness is what? The understanding that spoken words can be broken into sounds. Comprehension Strategies is what? Flexible plans adapted to a variety of tasks Scaffolding is what? Supporting students learning to higher levels Which practice should be included in a comprehensive, balanced approach to literacy development for elementary students? Using books from a variety of genres and sources What is the benefit of Journaling? Provides opportunities for reflection What is the benefit of Brainstorming? Generates ideas for writing What is the benefit of Venn Diagram? Allows a comparison of ideas What is the benefit of Semantic Mapping? Organizes ideas for writing descriptions Which two lesson plans incorporate developmentally appropriate reading strategies for first-graders at the beginning of the year? (choose 2) a. A plan that incorporates genre writing b. A plan that incorporates inquiry learning c. A plan that incorporates guided reading d. A plan that incorporates experiential learning c. A plan that incorporates guided reading d. A plan that incorporates experiential learning A standard for second-grade students is that they will read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension. To support this objective, a teacher with a class of students from diverse language backgrounds plans the following activities: Have small groups of students pre-write with pictures for a fictional story. Ask each group to tell her their story out loud. Write down the words of the story using the students' language Make copies of the story to provide to group members the next day. Read the story to the students as they follow along. Why should the teacher use this approach with her students? a. This approach is linked to phonics instruction, which strengthens the vocabulary of student from diverse backgrounds. b. This approach is useful for students from diverse backgrounds because students generate the vocabulary and have prior content knowledge. c. This approach allows beginning readers to understand that ideas can be represented symbolically through pictures, letters, or combined forms of expression. d. This approach is effective with students whose first language is not English because it requires on-on-one word attack instruction and correlates with high literacy gains. b. This approach is useful for students from diverse backgrounds because students generate the vocabulary and have prior content knowledge. Which term describes young children who read words based on visual cues? Pre-alphabetic