Europese En Belgische Privaatrechtsgeschiedenis (B001376A)
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By: joliengurny53 • 10 months ago
By: nielsdepoorter1995 • 10 months ago
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EUROPESE EN BELGISCHE PRIVAATRECHTSGESCHIEDENIS
EXTERN RECHT
Inhoudsopgave
INLEIDING...................................................................................................................................................... 7
WAT IS RECHTSGESCHIEDENIS?..................................................................................................................................7
WAAROM RECHTSGESCHIEDENIS?..............................................................................................................................7
HOE RECHTSGESCHIEDENIS BESTUDEREN?....................................................................................................................8
PERIODISERING............................................................................................................................................. 9
ROMEINSE PERIODE.................................................................................................................................................9
NA DE ROMEINEN (WEST-EUROPA)...........................................................................................................................9
BEDENKINGEN........................................................................................................................................................9
ROMEINSE PERIODE..................................................................................................................................... 10
OUD-ROMEINSE PERIODE (753 V.C. – 250 V.C.).......................................................................................................10
Geschiedenis...................................................................................................................................................10
Instellingen.....................................................................................................................................................10
Koningstijd (753 v.C. – 510 v.C.)................................................................................................................................10
Republiek (510 v.C. – 250 v.C.)..................................................................................................................................10
Rechtsbronnen...............................................................................................................................................11
Procedure.......................................................................................................................................................13
VOOR-KLASSIEKE PERIODE (250 V.C. – 0).................................................................................................................13
Geschiedenis...................................................................................................................................................13
Instellingen.....................................................................................................................................................13
Rechtsbronnen...............................................................................................................................................13
Praetor maakt recht..................................................................................................................................................14
Procedure.......................................................................................................................................................15
KLASSIEKE PERIODE (0 – 250)................................................................................................................................16
Geschiedenis...................................................................................................................................................16
Instellingen.....................................................................................................................................................16
Rechtsbronnen...............................................................................................................................................16
Procedure.......................................................................................................................................................17
NA-KLASSIEKE PERIODE (250 – 527).......................................................................................................................17
Geschiedenis...................................................................................................................................................17
Instellingen.....................................................................................................................................................18
Rechtsbronnen...............................................................................................................................................18
Procedure.......................................................................................................................................................18
JUSTINIANUS (527 – 565).....................................................................................................................................18
Wie was Justinianus?.....................................................................................................................................18
1
, Het Corpus Iuris Civilis....................................................................................................................................19
Impact............................................................................................................................................................20
COSTUMIERE PERIODE................................................................................................................................. 21
PRIMITIEF LOKAAL GEWOONTERECHT........................................................................................................................21
PROBLEEM 1: GERMAANS RECHT.............................................................................................................................21
PROBLEEM 2: DE KAROLINGSICHE PERIODE................................................................................................................21
GEVAL APART: DE KERK..........................................................................................................................................22
PROCEDURE.........................................................................................................................................................22
IUS COMMUNE............................................................................................................................................ 23
DE MAATSCHAPPIJ VERANDERT ROND 1100...............................................................................................................23
Herontdekking van het Corpus Iuris Civilis.....................................................................................................23
Opkomst universiteiten..................................................................................................................................23
ONTSTAAN VAN HET IUS COMMUNE.........................................................................................................................24
Glossatoren....................................................................................................................................................24
Commentatoren.............................................................................................................................................25
Humanisten....................................................................................................................................................26
Romano-canoniek recht.................................................................................................................................27
Rechtsbronnen.......................................................................................................................................................... 27
Wisselwerking met het Romeins recht......................................................................................................................27
VERSPREIDING VAN HET IUS COMMUNE.....................................................................................................................27
Mediterrane wereld.......................................................................................................................................29
Italië.......................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Zuid-Frankrijk............................................................................................................................................................29
Spanje en Portugal.....................................................................................................................................................29
Landen met massale receptie........................................................................................................................29
Duitse Rijk..................................................................................................................................................................29
Schotland...................................................................................................................................................................29
Verenigde Provinciën................................................................................................................................................29
Pays de droit coutumier.................................................................................................................................29
Noord-Frankrijk......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Zuidelijke Nederlanden..............................................................................................................................................30
Buitenstaanders.............................................................................................................................................30
Zwitserland................................................................................................................................................................ 30
Engeland....................................................................................................................................................................30
De periferie.....................................................................................................................................................30
Belang............................................................................................................................................................30
WAAROM HAD HET IUS COMMUNE SUCCES?..............................................................................................................30
HET GEWOONTERECHT REAGEERT.............................................................................................................................31
Autonome pogingen tot verbetering.............................................................................................................31
2
, Tendens tot eenmaking.............................................................................................................................................31
Tendens tot verwetenschappelijking en professionalisering.....................................................................................31
Tendens tot verschriftelijking....................................................................................................................................32
Praktische rechtsleer......................................................................................................................................32
ENKELE BOLWERKEN VAN DE GEWOONTE HOUDEN STAND.............................................................................................33
Lex Mercatoria...............................................................................................................................................33
Feodaliteit......................................................................................................................................................33
Engeland.........................................................................................................................................................33
Common law: meerdere betekenissen......................................................................................................................33
Common law is van oorsprong continentaal recht....................................................................................................34
Vroege invloed van het ius commune op common law.............................................................................................34
Ontwikkeling equity...................................................................................................................................................34
Nog veel andere continentale invloeden...................................................................................................................34
Conclusie...................................................................................................................................................................34
Conclusie “enkele bolwerken van gewoonte houden stand”.........................................................................35
PROCEDURE.........................................................................................................................................................35
Centralisering: beroepshof.............................................................................................................................35
Professionalisering: rechters zijn universitaire juristen.................................................................................35
VERLICHTING............................................................................................................................................... 36
BREUK OMSTREEKS 1800.......................................................................................................................................36
VOORLOPER 1: WETGEVING....................................................................................................................................36
Algemeen.......................................................................................................................................................36
Frankrijk.........................................................................................................................................................38
Zuidelijke Nederlanden...................................................................................................................................38
VOORLOPER 2: UNIVERSEEL RECHT...........................................................................................................................38
Terminologie..................................................................................................................................................38
Voorloper: Spaanse neo-scholastiek..............................................................................................................39
Hugo Grotius..................................................................................................................................................39
RECHT VAN DE VERLICHTING: HET VERNUNFTRECHT.....................................................................................................39
BELANGRIJKSTE VERWEZENLIJKING: DE CODIFICATIE......................................................................................................39
Voorbeelden...................................................................................................................................................40
Code Civil........................................................................................................................................................40
Ontstaan.................................................................................................................................................................... 40
Bronnen.....................................................................................................................................................................40
Impact in Frankrijk.....................................................................................................................................................40
Impact in België......................................................................................................................................................... 41
Voorontwerp Laurent: mislukt..............................................................................................................................41
Na Laurent............................................................................................................................................................41
Conclusie..............................................................................................................................................................41
Impact in de rest van de wereld................................................................................................................................42
3
, Verklaring succes.......................................................................................................................................................42
Gebreken.............................................................................................................................................................. 42
Codificatie = zelfmoord Vernunftrecht...........................................................................................................42
ENGELAND...........................................................................................................................................................42
PROCEDURE.........................................................................................................................................................42
E
19 EEUW..................................................................................................................................................... 44
NATIONAAL RECHT IN EUROPA................................................................................................................................44
DUITSLAND..........................................................................................................................................................44
Overleven van het ius commune....................................................................................................................44
Von Savigny....................................................................................................................................................44
Pandektisten...................................................................................................................................................44
Germanisten...................................................................................................................................................45
Interessenjurisprudenz...................................................................................................................................45
FRANKRIJK...........................................................................................................................................................45
Wat Napoleon wou........................................................................................................................................45
École romaniste..............................................................................................................................................45
Eerste exegetische school...............................................................................................................................45
Tweede exegetische school............................................................................................................................46
Deze school ook in België...............................................................................................................................46
Verfransing................................................................................................................................................................ 46
Slecht onderwijs........................................................................................................................................................46
Nuancering................................................................................................................................................................ 46
ENGELAND...........................................................................................................................................................47
BGB.................................................................................................................................................................. 47
Ontstaan.........................................................................................................................................................47
Kwaliteiten en gebreken................................................................................................................................47
Invloed............................................................................................................................................................48
Belang vandaag.............................................................................................................................................48
Gevolgen........................................................................................................................................................48
VERSCHILLEN BETREFFENDE DE RECHTSBRONNEN, MAAR NIET DE MENTALITEIT..................................................................48
PROCEDURE.........................................................................................................................................................48
20E EEUW..................................................................................................................................................... 50
STAGNATIE RECHT IN EUROPA.................................................................................................................................50
VOORBEELD CODE CIVIL EN BGB.............................................................................................................................50
Frankrijk.........................................................................................................................................................50
Duitsland........................................................................................................................................................50
DUITSLAND VERLIEST LEIDERSCHAP AAN DE VS...........................................................................................................50
BELGIË LOOPT ACHTER...........................................................................................................................................50
Henri de Page.................................................................................................................................................50
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