Europese En Belgische Privaatrechtsgeschiedenis (B001376A)
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EUROPESE EN BELGISCHE PRIVAATRECHTSGESCHIEDENIS
INTERN RECHT: PERSONEN- EN FAMILIERECHT
Inhoudsopgave
ALGEMENE INLEIDING.................................................................................................................................... 4
INLEIDING...................................................................................................................................................... 4
RECHTSBEKWAAMHEID................................................................................................................................. 5
VRIJ – ONVRIJ.........................................................................................................................................................5
Romeinen: slavernij...........................................................................................................................................5
Middeleeuwen: horigheid.................................................................................................................................5
Vandaag............................................................................................................................................................5
INBOORLING – VREEMDELING....................................................................................................................................6
Bij de Romeinen................................................................................................................................................6
Romein - peregrini........................................................................................................................................................ 6
Verkrijging..................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Soorten vreemdelingen................................................................................................................................................6
Evaluatie....................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Na de Romeinen...............................................................................................................................................7
Wie is een vreemdeling?...............................................................................................................................................7
Hoe kan je burger worden?..........................................................................................................................................7
Wat is het statuut van de vreemdeling?.......................................................................................................................8
BEVOORRECHT – NIET-BEVOORRECHT..........................................................................................................................9
HANDELINGSBEKWAAMHEID....................................................................................................................... 10
VROUWEN........................................................................................................................................................... 10
Inleiding...........................................................................................................................................................10
Voor Napoleon................................................................................................................................................10
Privaatrecht................................................................................................................................................................10
Ongehuwde vrouwen.............................................................................................................................................10
Gehuwde vrouwen.................................................................................................................................................11
Overige rechtstakken..................................................................................................................................................12
Publiekrecht...........................................................................................................................................................12
Strafrecht............................................................................................................................................................... 12
Sociaal recht...........................................................................................................................................................12
Napoleon.........................................................................................................................................................12
Napoleontisch model..................................................................................................................................................12
19e eeuw: succes napoleontische model....................................................................................................................13
Jaren 1880: de mislukkingen van Laurent en Popelin.................................................................................................13
Beperkte verwezenlijkingen eerste feministische golf (+-1900)..................................................................................14
Arbeidsrecht...........................................................................................................................................................14
Strafrecht............................................................................................................................................................... 14
Conclusie................................................................................................................................................................14
Interbellum: voor- en achteruitgang...........................................................................................................................14
Vooruitgang............................................................................................................................................................14
Maar algemene mentaliteit verandert niet............................................................................................................14
Achteruitgang......................................................................................................................................................... 14
Impact van WOII......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Positief...................................................................................................................................................................15
Maar algemene mentaliteit verandert niet............................................................................................................15
Negatief..................................................................................................................................................................15
Doorbraak rond 1970..................................................................................................................................................15
Burgerlijk recht.......................................................................................................................................................15
Sociaal recht...........................................................................................................................................................15
Strafrecht............................................................................................................................................................... 15
Publiekrecht...........................................................................................................................................................15
Verklaring voor de doorbraak.................................................................................................................................15
Het recht als vriend in de plaats van vijand................................................................................................................16
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, Essentiële probleem...............................................................................................................................................16
Recht tegen vrouwendiscriminatie.........................................................................................................................16
Soms ook achteruitgang.........................................................................................................................................16
Nieuwe uitdaging voor de toekomst...........................................................................................................................16
Besluit..............................................................................................................................................................16
KIND...................................................................................................................................................................17
Meerderjarigheidsleeftijd................................................................................................................................17
Romeinen................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Ons oude recht........................................................................................................................................................... 17
Vanaf 1804..................................................................................................................................................................17
Burgerlijk Wetboek van 1804.................................................................................................................................17
1990.......................................................................................................................................................................18
Toekomst?..............................................................................................................................................................18
Afstamming.....................................................................................................................................................18
Romeinen................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Ons oude recht........................................................................................................................................................... 18
Franse Revolutie......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Burgerlijk Wetboek van 1804......................................................................................................................................20
Arrest Marckx en de wet van 1987.............................................................................................................................20
Toekomst.................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Adoptie............................................................................................................................................................21
Romeinen................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Ons oude recht........................................................................................................................................................... 21
Burgerlijk Wetboek van 1804......................................................................................................................................21
Vanaf 1940..................................................................................................................................................................21
Heden......................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Vaderlijk/ouderlijke macht/gezag..................................................................................................................22
Romeinen................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Ons oude recht........................................................................................................................................................... 23
Burgerlijk Wetboek van 1804......................................................................................................................................23
Na 1804...................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Voogdij............................................................................................................................................................24
Romeinen................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Ons oude recht + vanaf 1804......................................................................................................................................24
Conclusie – rode draad....................................................................................................................................24
HUWELIJK.................................................................................................................................................... 26
ROMEINEN...........................................................................................................................................................26
GERMANEN..........................................................................................................................................................26
Officiële huwelijk.............................................................................................................................................26
Tweederangshuwelijk.....................................................................................................................................27
KERKELIJK HUWELIJKSRECHT.....................................................................................................................................27
Opkomst en doorbraak...................................................................................................................................27
Contract..........................................................................................................................................................27
Voor Trente................................................................................................................................................................. 27
Huwelijkssluiting.....................................................................................................................................................27
Grond- en vormvereisten.......................................................................................................................................27
Grondvereisten..................................................................................................................................................28
Vormvereisten...................................................................................................................................................28
Dispensatie.............................................................................................................................................................28
Vanaf Trente: plechtig contract..................................................................................................................................28
Verzet van de familie......................................................................................................................................29
strafrechtelijke maatregelen.......................................................................................................................................29
Erfrechtelijke maatregelen.........................................................................................................................................29
BURGERLIJK HUWELIJK............................................................................................................................................29
Voor verlichting...............................................................................................................................................29
Verlichting en Jozef II......................................................................................................................................31
Franse Revolutie..............................................................................................................................................31
BW van 1804...................................................................................................................................................31
Na 1804...........................................................................................................................................................31
2003................................................................................................................................................................31
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, TOEKOMST VAN HET HUWELIJK................................................................................................................................31
ECHTSCHEIDING........................................................................................................................................... 32
ROMEINEN...........................................................................................................................................................32
GERMANEN..........................................................................................................................................................32
KERK...................................................................................................................................................................32
Onontbindbaarheid van het huwelijk.............................................................................................................32
Vroege kerk................................................................................................................................................................. 32
Middeleeuwse kerk.....................................................................................................................................................32
Omzeilen van het echtscheidingverbod..........................................................................................................32
Substituten voor de echtscheiding..................................................................................................................33
FRANSE REVOLUTIE EN BW....................................................................................................................................33
Franse Revolutie: de promotie van de echtscheiding.....................................................................................33
BW van 1804: de conservatieve tegenreactie................................................................................................33
EVOLUTIE NA 1804...............................................................................................................................................34
Echtscheiding 1804 – 2007.............................................................................................................................34
Sinds 1/9/2007................................................................................................................................................34
NOOD AAN VERDERE HERVORMINGEN.......................................................................................................................34
Toekomst.........................................................................................................................................................34
Maar wijzigingen na 2007 blijven beperkt.....................................................................................................34
CONCLUSIE.......................................................................................................................................................... 34
Mogelijke oplossingen....................................................................................................................................34
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, ALGEMENE INLEIDING
Extern recht = Wie maakt het recht?
Intern recht = Wat houdt het recht in? Wat houden de rechtsregels in?
Kort overzicht intern recht:
> Personen- en familierecht
> Zakenrecht
> Verbintenissenrecht
> Erfrecht
> Huwelijksvermogensrecht
Huwelijksvermogens- en erfrecht = patrimoniaal familierecht = familiaal vermogensrecht
INLEIDING
Personen- en familierecht = de rechtsregels die de rechtspositie van de persoon als zodanig en in de relatie tot
zijn echtgenoot en verwanten betreffen (enge zin) of definitie in de enge zin + huwelijksvermogens- en erfrecht
(brede zin)
> niet in geld waardeerbare rechten
> niet vervreemdbaar
! Bij de Romeinen waren sommige personen-en familierechten wel vervreemdbaar
> Weinig invloed van het Romeins recht
Vermogensrecht
> in geld waardeerbare rechten
> vervreemdbaar
> invloed Romeins recht (idem voor zakenrecht en verbintenissenrecht)
Rechtssubjecten = mensen, onderwerpen van het recht, die rechten en verplichtingen hebben
Rechtsobjecten = dingen, die geen rechten en verplichtingen hebben
Theorie rechtssubject-rechtsobject heeft 2 problemen:
> Dierenrechten: art. 3.39 BBW bepaalt dat dieren een aparte categorie vormen (geen mens, geen voorwerp)
> Rechtspersonen: afgezonderd vermogen of groep van personen dat rechten en verplichtingen heeft en
waarvan het recht het als rechtssubjecten ziet.
Juridische persoonlijkheid = het geheel van die rechten en verplichtingen
> Rechtsbekwaamheid = de bekwaamheid om rechten te hebben
> Handelingsbekwaamheid = de bekwaamheid om rechten uit te oefenen
vb. een baby van 1 jaar is rechtsbekwaam, maar niet handelingsbekwaam
Feiten = bepaalde gebeurtenissen
> Gewone feiten: een gebeurtenis dat voor het recht niet belangrijk is, het brengt geen juridische gevolgen met
zich mee
> Rechtsfeiten: een gebeurtenis waaraan het recht juridische gevolgen koppelt
- Gewone rechtsfeiten: rechtsfeiten die niet gesteld zijn om de rechtsgevolgen te doen geschieden
- Rechtshandelingen: rechtsfeiten die gesteld zijn om de rechtsgevolgen te doen geschieden
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