volume - the amount of space occupied by an object
extensive property - a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample
intensive property - a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the
amount of matter
substance - Matter that has a uniform and definite composition
physical property - a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or
measured without changing the substance's composition
solid - of definite shape and volume
liquid - a substance in the fluid state of matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume
gas - the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low
density and viscosity
vapor - matter that exists in the gas state but is generally a liquid or solid at room
temperature
Physical change - a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a
change in chemical composition
mixtures - a physical combination of substances that can still be seperated
heterogeneous mixture - a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout
homogeneous mixture - a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout
solution - a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
phase - (physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system
filtration - the process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture
, distillation - the process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors
element - any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that
cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination
constitute all matter
compound - a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by
chemical bonds
chemical change - a change that produces matter with a different composition than the
original matter
chemical symbol - a one or two letter representation of an element
chemical property - the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change
chemical reaction - the process by which one or more substances change to produce
one or more different substances
reactant - a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
product - a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction
precipitate - A solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture
Law of Conversation of Mass - the total mass of the matter is the same before and after
a physical or chemical change
atom - (physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the
chemical properties of the element
Dalton's Atomic Theory - 1) elements are composed of atoms. 2) atoms of same
element are identical, but differ from other elements. 3) elements can mix together 4)
atoms only change when mixed with other elements
Electrons - negatively charged particles
Cathode Ray - a beam of electrons emitted by the cathode of an electrical discharge
tube
protons - Positively charged particles
neutrons - the particles of the nucleus that have no charge
Nucleus - the center of an atom
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