UT High School World History A Final Exam Thorough Review with complete solution

UT High School World History A Final Exam Thorough Review with complete solution Pre-history the period of time before written records Lucy 3.2 million year old skeleton found in Africa by Donald Johanser The pre-history people were this Hunter-gatherers (nomadic) Stone Age When people began using bone and stone tools Archaeology Study of past human material remains Anthropology Study of human society, culture, and development Humans originated from here Africa (eastern + southern) Bipedalism Ability to walk on two legs Neolithic Revolution (10,000 - 8,000 BC) When humans began using agriculture and domesticating animals What makes a civilization? (8) (1) government (2) religion (3) social classes (4) arts (5) cities (6) specialization (7) writing (8) infrastructure What led to social classes? Specialization of labor How did the Neolithic revolution contribute to the rise of civilizations? Agriculture caused families to grow into tribes which grew into civilizations Economics How we consume, produce, and manage goods and services Economic progression is often tied to this Societal growth and imperial expansion Early specializations of labor (4) (social classes formed from these) (1) Farmer (2) Warrior (3) Religious leader (4) Artisan Writing is important to civilization for these reasons (4) (1) Codification of laws (2) Record-keeping (3) Birth of literature (4) Sharing of culture Social Class How people are divided by income and labor The River Valley Civilizations were located here Rivers valleys in Africa and Asia Dynasty A family of rulers Cuneiform the world's first system of writing (from the Middle East) Metallurgy the science of working with metals Polytheism Belief in many gods Sanskrit Language of ancient India Theocracy A government controlled by religious leaders Ziggurat Mesopotamian temple tower The major River Valley Regions (4) (1) Egypt (Nile) (2) Mesopotamia (Tigris-Euphrates) (3) India (Indus) (4) China (Yangtze) Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia) Between Tigris/Euphrates in modern Iraq Advancements of Mesopotamia (6) (1) Irrigation (2) Drainage (3) Wheel (4) Sail (5) Plow (6) Writing Sumerians may have come from this region Caucasus Mountain Region Sumerian Government Theocracy Sumerian Religion Polytheism Sumerian writing system Cuneiform Sumerian Social Classes (7) (1) Royals (2) Officials (3) Priests (4) Scribes (5) Merchants (6) Peasants (7) Slaves Legal code (criminal and civil law) was created by this empire ("eye for an eye") Babylonian Empire Babylonian Kings (3) (1) Hammurabi (2) Cyrus (3) Darius