Parents of a 4-year-old child discovered the child has been chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have tested positive for lead. Which blood test should the care team prioritize? - Answer- Red blood cell (RBC) levels
The nurse is conducting a physical assessment of a homeless man du...
Pathophysiology Exam #1 (Practice ATI Questions)
Parents of a 4-year-old child discovered the child has been chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have tested positive for lead. Which blood test should the care team prioritize? - Answer- Red blood cell (RBC) levels
The nurse is conducting a physical assessment of a homeless man during a night when the wind chill factor is -10°F (-23°C). When assessing the man's fingers and toes for frostbite, the nurse looks for which type of cellular injury? - Answer- Hypoxic
A nurse is teaching a class on health promotion and includes information about the risk from ultraviolet radiation. Which concepts should be included in this class? - Answer- Ultraviolet radiation increases the risk of skin cancer and damages DNA.
The provider removes a cast from a teenager's arm. The client asks why the muscle in the arm is smaller than it was. The provider explains that this reduction is caused by which of the following? - Answer- Disuse
The nurse explains to the hypertensive client that the increased workload required to pump blood against an elevated arterial pressure results in a progressive increase in left
ventricular muscle mass. This is an example of: - Answer- hypertrophy
A mother rushes her 4-year-old child to the emergency department after she found an empty Tylenol (acetaminophen) bottle beside her child. The nurse is trying to explain why it is so important to give the child ipecac to induce vomiting in order to prevent: - Answer- liver failure
Mercury is a toxic substance, and the hazards of mercury-associated occupational and accidental exposures are well known. What is the primary source of mercury poisoning today? - Answer- Fish such as tuna and swordfish
Hypertrophy may occur as the result of normal physiologic or abnormal pathologic conditions. The increase in muscle mass associated with exercise is an example of physiologic hypertrophy. Pathologic hypertrophy occurs as the result of disease conditions and may be adaptive or compensatory. Examples of adaptive hypertrophy are the thickening of the urinary bladder from long-continued obstruction of urinary outflow and the myocardial hypertrophy that results from valvular heart disease or hypertension. What is compensatory hypertrophy? - Answer- When one kidney is removed, the remaining kidney enlarges to compensate for the loss
The nurse is treating a client who has been immobilized for several months. As a result, he is experiencing bone thinning and weakening. The nurse is aware of the risk of lung, blood vessel, and renal tubule calcification due to: - Answer- metastatic calcification A 70-year-old client is being treated for a recent ischemic stroke that has left the client with deficits. These deficits likely result from which mechanism of cell injury? - Answer- hypoxia and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion
A client has experienced significant decreases in mobility and stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which phenomena most likely
accounts for the client's decrease in muscle function? - Answer- Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
A client has developed cell atrophy. The most likely cause would be: - Answer- ischemia.
A client is admitted with an alteration in arterial blood gases. Cellular injury is most likely
to result from which aspect of this abnormality? - Answer- Hypoxia
Which statement would a nurse tell a client that best describes a lab finding of metaplasia? - Answer- "This is a change in cell form as it adapts to increased work demands or threats to survival."
A client is admitted with frostbite. What will the nurse tell the client about the changes that have occurred due to cold exposure? - Answer- Cold increases blood viscosity and thrombosis
Which situations causes atrophy? - Answer- Decreased blood flow
Denervation
Disuse
The provider explains to the client, who smokes, that cells in the trachea are substituted
with cells that are better able to survive. This process is known as: - Answer- metaplasia
A nurse prepares an educational event for a group of single parents. The nurse is going to talk about drugs and the damage they can cause to the body. The nurse would likely include which of these drugs? - Answer- Acetaminophen
Immunosuppressant drugs
Alcohol and cigarettes
Antineoplastic drugs
The nurse is reviewing an ultrasound report for a client that reveals endometrial hyperplasia. The client asks what this finding means. How should the nurse respond? - Answer- In response to estrogen levels endometrial cells have increased in number, resulting in a thickening of the endometrium."
A client's condition has resulted in a decrease in work demands of most cells in the body. Which change within the cell will likely result from this decrease in work? - Answer- Decreased size of organelles Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology technician wants to minimize personal exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary rationale for the technician's precautions about radiation exposure? - Answer- Interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis
A client with diabetes and severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot. The client asks, "How this can happen?" Which pathophysiologic process should the nurse explain to this client? - Answer- Impaired arterial blood supply to your toe.
The nurse is reviewing the effects of various pharmaceutical agents. Which fact about the effect of medications on the body will the nurse apply in practice? - Answer- Antineoplastic drugs directly damage cells
Which statement is true in relation to lead exposure? - Answer- Lead is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract or the lungs.
The physical therapist is evaluating a male client who has increased his muscle mass by exercising. The therapist understands this physiologic process is known as: - Answer- physiologic hypertrophy
Which client would be an example of an individual experiencing cellular atrophy? - Answer- A middle-aged female experiencing menopause due to loss of estrogen stimulation
The nurse in an infectious-disease clinic will primarily treat injuries to tissues and cells caused by: - Answer- biologic agents.
The nurse is caring for a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who is questioning taking the acid reducing medication because it is "just a little heartburn." What is the nurse's best response? - Answer- Having uncontrolled GERD can increase your risk for esophageal cancer
Which process associated with cellular injury is most likely to be reversible? - Answer- cell damage resulting from accumulation of fat in the cytoplasm
A client's lab report returns and a nurse is explaining to the client the significance of the changes. The nurse states that the finding is implicated as a precursor of cancer. Which
finding was most likely on the lab report? - Answer- dysplasia
Which assessment supports the finding of lead toxicity? - Answer- Hemoglobin 9 g/dL (90 g/L)
Which change exemplifies physiologic hypertrophy? - Answer- Muscle mass increase with exercise
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