, QUESTION 1
1. Select the neurotransmitter involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and
adolescents based on the common comorbidity of tic disorders.
A Norepinephrine
B
GABA
.
C
Dopamine
.
D Acetylcholine
Answer:
Dopamine
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to defects in the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC)
circuitry, which may be linked to neurotransmitter dysregulation throughout this network. Serotonin,
dopamine, glutamate, and -aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the main neurotransmitters throughout the CSTC.
Compulsive behaviors linked to OCD are likely the product of a related dopaminergic reward system
dysfunction. Continuous ventral striatum activation may lead to an undirected expectation of reward.
Anxiety and a desire to fill the gap are caused by unfulfilled expectations.
Step-by-Step explanation
References
Richter, M. A., De Jesus, D. R., Hoppenbrouwers, S., Daigle, M., Deluce, J., Ravindran, L. N., ... &
Daskalakis, Z. J. (2019). Evidence for cortical inhibitory and excitatory dysfunction in obsessive
compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(5), 1144-1151.
Pittenger, C., Krystal, J. H., & Coric, V. (2016). Glutamate-modulating drugs as novel
pharmacotherapeutic agents in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. NeuroRx, 3(1), 69-81.
1 points
QUESTION 2
1. Select the class of drugs most effective in treating pain disorder.
A
Opioid analgesics
.
B
TCA and SSRI
. antidepressants
, Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021
C
Beta-adrenergic
. blockers
D
Mood stabilizers
.
Answer:
Opioids analgesics
Opioid analgesics are drugs that function on opioid receptors that are used to alleviate pain. Weak opioid
analgesics are often used to describe compound analgesics that combine acetaminophen with low levels
of codeine or tramadol. Opioid analgesics, which include oxycodone, hydrocodone, and codeine, can be
used to relieve mild to extreme acute pain.
Opioids are medications that are chemically similar to, but more potent than, the body's own pain relievers
(endorphins). They operate by binding to receptors on cells, primarily in the brain, spinal cord, and
gastrointestinal tract.
Step-by-Step explanation References
Andrieu, G., Amrouni, H., Robin, E., Carnaille, B., Wattier, J. M., Pattou, F., ... & Lebuffe, G. (2017).
Analgesic efficacy of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block administered before thyroid surgery
under general anaesthesia. British journal of anaesthesia, 99(4), 561-566.
Mangione, M. P., & Crowley-Matoka, M. (2018). Improving pain management communication:
how patients understand the terms "opioid" and "narcotic". Journal of general internal medicine, 23(9),
1336.
1 points
QUESTION 3
1. Select the most commonly occurring eating disorder.
A Anorexia
. nervosa
B Bulimia
. nervosa
C
Purging
.
D
Binge
.
Answer:
A. Anorexia Nervosa
Step-by-Step explanation
Anorexia nervosa is one eating disorder that most people have heard of. People with anorexia often starve
themselves in order to achieve an unattainable ideal of thinness. This condition, like many eating disorders,
tends to affect more women than men.
1 points
, QUESTION 4
1. Select the disorder in which inflicting injury to self or others is common.
A
Pain
.
B
Conversion
.
C Somatic .
symptom
D
Factitious
.
Factitious disorder is a serious mental disorder in which someone deceives others by appearing sick, by purposely
getting sick or by self-injury.
1 points
QUESTION 5
1. Select two imaging methods used to study anxiety disorders.
A CT
.
B TM
.S
C MRI
.
D EKG
.
1 points
QUESTION 6
1. Select the two factors that do not cause dissociative amnesia.
A Sexual .
abuse B
Substance
. abuse
C
Surgical pain
.
D Partner
. betrayal
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