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Summary Corporate Finance, Global Edition Chapter 12

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Detailed summary for chapter 12 corporate finance 5th edition

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  • Chapter 12
  • January 17, 2023
  • 8
  • 2021/2022
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Chapter 12: Estimating the Cost of Capital



12.1 The Equity Cost of Capital

● The cost of capital is the best-expected return available in the market on investments

with similar risk.

● Under the CAPM, the market portfolio is a well-diversified, efficient portfolio representing

the non-diversifiable risk in the economy.

● Investors require a risk premium comparable to what they would earn taking the same

market risk through an investment in the market portfolio.



12.2 The Market Portfolio

● Constructing the Market Portfolio

○ Market portfolio → total supply of securities

○ The investment in each security i is proportional to its market capitalization.

○ A portfolio in which each security is held in proportion to its market capitalization

is called a value-weighted.

■ When market prices change, to maintain a value-weighted portfolio, we

do not need to trade unless the number of shares outstanding of some

security changes.




● Market Indexes

○ A market index reports the value of a particular portfolio of securities.

■ The S&P 500 is an index that represents a value-weighted portfolio of 500

of the largest U.S. stocks.

■ A price-weighted portfolio holds an equal number of shares of each stock,

independent of their size.

, ● Investing in a Market Index

○ Many mutual fund companies offer funds, called index funds, that invest in these

portfolios.

○ An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is a security that trades directly on an exchange,

like a stock, but represents ownership in a portfolio of stocks.

■ By investing in an index or an exchange-traded fund, an individual investor

with only a small amount to invest can easily achieve the benefits of broad

diversification.



● The Market Risk Premium

○ The market risk premium is the expected excess return of the market portfolio.

● E[RMkt] - rf

○ This provides the benchmark by which we assess

investors’ willingness to hold market risk



● Determining the Risk-Free Rate

○ The risk-free interest rate in the CAPM model corresponds to the risk-free rate at

which investors can both borrow and save.

○ We use a short-term risk-free rate to evaluate a short-term investment, and a

long-term rate when evaluating a long-term investment.



● The Historical Risk Premium

○ It takes many years to produce even moderately accurate estimates of expected

returns.

○ The yield curve has tended to be upward slowing, with long-term interest rates

higher than short-term rates.

○ The market risk premium has declined over time

1. More investors participate in the stock market today → risk

shared

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