Ortho - Final Exam questions with 100% correct answers

Fracture in 2 or more pieces is referred to as: Comminuted Name 3 types of unstable fx of spine Burst, Jefferson, teardrop, chance, Type II odontoid 00:04 01:28 What is the most common primary bone malignancy Multiple myeloma Name the 4 stabilizing ligaments in the knee Ant Cruciate, Post Cruciate, Lateral Collateral, Medial Collateral What autoantibody is most specific for lupus Anti-dsDNA [ANA most sensitive] what are the 3 generic views for skeletal radiography AP, lateral, oblique What is the physical exam maneuver to dx tight hip flexors Kendall's test Name 5 nexus criteria AMS, intoxication, distracting injury, midline pain (tenderness), neuro deficit Structure released in carpal tunnel syndrome Flexor retinaculum Give 3 differences between gonococcal and non gonococcal infectious arthritis Gonococcal: healthy, 1-4 days, tx 7-10 days Non-gonococcal: faster progression, longer tx (4-6wks) What is the hallmark finding in lateral epicondylitis Pain w/ resisted wrist extension What is the dreaded complication of a knee dislocation Popliteal artery rupture (vascular injury) What are the 5 common conditions seen w/ limited scleroderma CREST: Calcifications under skin Raynaud phenomenon Esophageal motility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasias Percent of end to end contact of long bone fracture is called Apposition Name the 5 stabilizing ligaments of the spine ALL, PLL, Lig flav, supraspinous and interspinous What often precipitates the onset of reactive arthritis? GI/GU infection Most common bug - campylobacter jejuni 2 non-malignant conditions that can cause wide zone of transition on radiograph osteomyelitis and eosinophilic granulomas What is midshaft of long bone referred to as in radiology terms Diaphysis 4 radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis sclerosis Subchondral cysts ↓ joint space osteophytes 2 classifications of proximal femur fx intracapsular and extracapsular tx for osteochondritis dissecans in adults & kids surgical fixation Kids = Cast 5 latin cardinal signs of inflammation calor, dolor, rubor, tumor, functio laesa 3 special maneuvers to assess for thoracic outlet syndrome addson's, Roo (costcoclavicular), allen 4 radiographic lines of c-spine ligament associated w/ each line Anterior vertebral line - ALL Posterior vertebral line - PLL Spinal laminar line- ligamentum flavum Post spinous line - supraspinous ligament Describe crystals of gout (-) birefringent, yellow, needle-like most common pathogen in septic arthritis is gram: Positive potential complication of femoral neck fx avascular necrosis *Also seen w/ hip dislocations Make sure you reduce them ASAP name 4 joints of shoulder SternoClavicular, AcromioClavicular, GlenoHumeral, Scapular thoracic Spondylolysis caused by defect of the: Pars interarticularis Most common ligament injured in inversion ankle sprains ATF - anterior talofibular Tx for simple bone cyst If asymptomatic = no tx Symptomatic - curettage + bone graft Most common tendon affected in rotator cuff injuries Supraspinatous What rheumatologic condition classically affects spine and Ankylosing spondylitis Positive clunk test indicates Labrum pathology 3 findings that indicate sacral sparing in SCI? perianal sensation, anal sphincter tone, slight toe flexion *if any one of those 3 are present, it's considered sacral sparing. Either incomplete SCI or spinal shock which means function will likely restore name unholy triad of the knee MCL, ACL, medial meniscus Describe radiographic findings in psoriatic arthritis Pencil in cup deformity Electrolyte elevated in malignant bone tumors Calcium Name the special radiograph used in scoliosis tracking Standing* AP of thoraco lumbar needs to include entire thoracic and lumbar curves 3 biomechanical forces that can lead to pelvic ring injuries lateral compression, vertical shear and AP