This file contains eight pages that provide an in-depth overview and ensures a thorough understanding of light-dependent reactions, light-independent reactions, and photorespiration. There is also a profound explanation of the process of CAM, C3, and C4 plants and various diagrams involving the inf...
Photosynthesis:
Other things to note beforehand:
Note: The mass of a plant comes from carbon fixation Oxidation: Loss of electrons
Reduction: Gain of electrons
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy yields C6H12O6 + 6O2
The Calvin cycle requires a lot of ATP
Humans use NADPH too
The ATP made in photosynthesis is used ONLY for photosynthesis while ATP made in cellular respiration is used for other cellular functions
Plants can do cellular respiration too but animals are unable to do photosynthesis
However, extra sugar made in photosynthesis can be directed towards cellular respiration
Non-cyclic photosynthesis refers to the general or normal photosynthesis using photosystem II and I and the Calvin Cycle
Cyclic photophosphorylation involves only chloroplast photosystem I.
Chloroplast structure:
A chloroplast technically has 3 membranes
The thylakoid membrane is considered the third membrane
Pigments/Chlorophyll/Absorption/etc.:
Green pigment absorbs every color except green which it reflects which is why it appears
green
Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light but reflects green light which it does not absorb very well, giving off the appearance of green Carotenoids are typically in red, orange, or yellow. They are a type of accessory pigment.
Accessory pigments are significant to photosynthesis because they are capable of absorbing any additional light apart from chlorophyll a so the plant can maximize photosynthesis. Whatever color a pigment may appear to be, it means that it reflects that color and does not absorb that color very well, meaning its activity of absorption is relatively low. This is the absorption spectrum of different pigments at different wavelengths of light (colored). The absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a is relatively around red and blue while the absorption is relatively low at green. Take note of how the absorption can reach zero at certain points. Since carotenoids are typically red, orange, or yellow, the absorption is significantly low as shown on the graph since they reflect those colors to make them appear as those colors.
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