Nurs 548 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review

Nurs 548 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Name the characteristics of acute Rhinosinusitis - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. facial pain 2. headache 3. purulent nasal discharge 4. decreased sense of smell 5. fever Name the characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis homins - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Aerobic 2. Have a protective waxy capsule 3. Can stay alive in "suspended animation" for years Miliary TB - CORRECT ANSWERS Minute lesions, resembling millet seeds, resulting from tuberculosis eroding into the blood vessel, disseminating the area affecting almost any organ, particularly the brain, meninges, liver, kidney, and bone marrow. Meat inspection and milk Pasteurization were introduced to protect the food supply. Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Lack of surfactant; infants are not strong enough to inflate their alveoli 2. Protein-rich fluid leaks into the alveoli and further blocks oxygen uptake 3. Treatment with mechanical ventilation may lead to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and chronic respiratory insufficiency Atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWERS Incomplete expansion of the lung or portion of the lung Pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. air enters the pleural cavity 2. Air takes up space, restricting lung expansion 3. Partial or complete collapse of the affected lung Spontaneous Pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWERS An air-filled blister on the lung that ruptures Traumatic Pneumothorax- Open - CORRECT ANSWERS Air enters the pleural cavity through the wound on inhalation and leaves on exhalation Traumatic Tension Pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWERS Air enters the pleural cavity through the wound on inhalation but cannot leave on exhalation Name the causes of Intrinsic (Nonatopic) Asthma - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Respiratory Infections- epithelial damage, IgE production 2. Exercise, hyperventilation, cold air- loss of heat and water may cause bronchospasm 3. Inhaled Irritants- inflammation, vagal reflex 4. Aspirin and other NSAIDS- abnormal arachidonic acid metabolism Characteristics of Bronchiectasis - CORRECT ANSWERS Infection and inflammation destroy smooth muscle in airways, causing permanent damage A manifestation of chronic bronchitis not typically seen in this type of patient - CORRECT ANSWERS Cor Pulmonale Manifestations seen in Hypercapnia - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Increased Respiration 2. Decreased Nerve Firing- carbon dioxide narcosis, disorientation, somnolence, coma 3. Decreased muscle contraction UTI in special populations- Women - CORRECT ANSWERS More common in women than men, peak ages 15-24 yr olds Pregnant women at increased risk for UTIs UTI in special populations- Children - CORRECT ANSWERS Common in young children Often involve pyelonephritits UTI in special populations- Elderly - CORRECT ANSWERS Relatively common 2nd most common form of infection, after respiratory infections, among healthy community-dwelling elderly Nephrotic syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS Increased permeability of glomerulus Cardiovascular Consequences of CRF - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Decreased blood viscosity 2. Increased blood pressure 3. Decreased oxygen supply