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ESB TEST 2 Pool Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A

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ESB TEST 2 Pool Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A Research Process - Question, design, findings, publishing True Experiment - designs in which the researcher manipulates ALL independent variables; total control over who's in what group Quasi Experimental Design - designs in w...

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  • February 3, 2023
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ESB TEST 2 Pool Questions and
answers, 100% Accurate, rated A

Research Process - ✔✔Question, design, findings, publishing



True Experiment - ✔✔designs in which the researcher manipulates ALL independent variables; total
control over who's in what group



Quasi Experimental Design - ✔✔designs in which random assignments cannot be used



Quasi Independent Variables - ✔✔variables treated as if they were independent variables in the
experimental design even though the researchers did not manipulate them



Self Reports - ✔✔any measurement technique that directly asks a participant how they think/feel



Advantages of Self Report - ✔✔inexpensive, easily administered, firsthand info from the source



Disadvantages of Self Report - ✔✔social desirability concerns, potential demand characteristics (wanting
a specific result like on buzzfeed quiz), possible retrospective bias



Behavioral Measure - ✔✔a measure of a participant's actions in a research design, must be able to
operationally define and measure participants' behavior (Behavioral trace/observation/choice)



Raw Score - ✔✔the actual score; trace score + error



True Score - ✔✔what your score would be if the test was a perfect measure of that attribute and
uninfluenced by any extraneous factors

, Error - ✔✔extraneous influences that will cause the raw score to deviate from the true score; (random
error + bias)/systematic error



Random Error - ✔✔variation from the measure's true score due to unsystematic or chance factors,
present if you get different results when the same measure was used multiple times



Systematic Error - ✔✔aka bias, error that consistently pushes scores in a given direction, worse than
random error bc leads to inaccurate conclusions



Strategies for Minimizing Error - ✔✔standardization of experiments, reduce scorer biases



Observer/Scorer Bias - ✔✔misinterpreting an observation based on the researcher's existing beliefs,
previous experiences, expectations, etc



Ceiling Effect - ✔✔occurs when the upper boundary of a measurement tool is set too low, leading
everyone to select the highest response



Floor Effect - ✔✔occurs when the lower boundary of a measurement tool is set too high, leading
everyone to select the lowest response



Reliability - ✔✔stability or consistency of a measure



Validity - ✔✔the degree to which a tool measures what it claims to; to be valid, a measure must first be
reliable



Population - ✔✔the entire group of interest in a research study from which a sample is drawn



Sample - ✔✔a subset of the population from which the researcher collects data



Sampling Plan - ✔✔explicit strategy used for recruiting participants from the population; goal is to
represent the population you are sampling

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