NUR 325 Health and Illness One Exam 1 Blue Print Fall 2020
1 view 0 purchase
Course
NUR 325 Health and Illness One
Institution
NUR 325 Health And Illness One
NUR 325 Health and Illness One Exam 1 Blue Print
Fall 2020
10-12 Pharmacology Concepts: Introduction , Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Safety: Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 (ATI) Introduction to Pharmacology
Understanding Prescriptions
Define and describe brand vs generic names for drugs
• ...
nur 325 health and illness one exam 1 blue print fall 2020 10 12 pharmacology concepts introduction
safety pharmacology made easy 40 ati introduction to phar
Written for
NUR 325 Health and Illness One
All documents for this subject (11)
Seller
Follow
magdamwikash23
Reviews received
Content preview
NUR 325 Health and Illness
One Exam 1 Blue Print
Fall 2020
10-12 Pharmacology Concepts: Introduction , Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics,
Safety: Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 (ATI) Introduction to Pharmacology
Understanding Prescriptions
Define and describe brand vs generic names for drugs
• Brand name: drugs commercial name, capitalized
• Generic: the name given by the company who developed the drug, not capitalized
What are the different types of oral medication forms? Which absorbs the fastest? Slowest?
• From fastest to slowest:
o Liquid
o Suspension
o Powder
o Capsule
o Tablet
o Coated tablet
o Enteric coated tablet
What are the three ways that a drug can be delivered parenterally? Which is absorbed the fastest?
• Intravenously- fastest
• Subcutaneously
o Absorption varies: rapid if water soluble & if good circulatory flow
o Onset of action varies
• Intramuscular
o Absorption varies: rapid if water soluble & if good circulatory flow
o Onset of action varies
Pharmacokinetics:
Define and describe absorption and factors affecting it.
• Absorption= movement from administration site to various tissues
Define and describe "first pass effect"
• A phenomenon in which a drug gets metabolized at a specific location in the body that results
in a reduced concentration of the active drug upon reaching its intended site of action
• impacts how much of the drug actually makes it into circulation
• Body receives less of drug than actually taken
Which factors affect distribution to different parts of the body?
• Areas with a rich supply of blood (liver, kidneys, and heart) get more of the drug
• Bones receive less because of little blood supply
• Areas with natural barrier, like the brain, won’t receive a high level of the drug
1
,Define and describe metabolism, where does it primarily take place?
• A change in the drug that may make it more or less potent, soluble, or inactive
• the liver
Define and describe "half-life."
• The time it takes for a drug to decrease in amount by half
• Affected by liver and kidney function
What must be considered about drug levels in the body if a patient has decreased liver and/or kidney
function?
• The patient will not be able to metabolize the drug as well
• Liver/kidney failure or toxicity
Define onset, peak, and duration
• Onset: amount of time to demonstrate a therapeutic response
• Peak: amount of time to achieve a full therapeutic effect
• Duration: amount of time the drugs therapeutic affect lasts
Define and describe peak and trough levels. Why and when is this important?
• Peak: the point in time when the medication is at the highest level
• Trough: the point in time when the medication is at the lowest level
• They are important to know to determine whether you are maintaining a therapeutic
level throughout day
• Important to know to avoid drug cumulative effect
Pharmacodynamics:
Be able to differentiate between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics: the chemistry/physics behind the drug
o Absorption: movement from administration site to various tissues
o Distribution: movement of a drug by the circulatory system to the intended site of action
o Metabolism: a change in the drug that may make it more or less potent, soluble,
or inactive- usually occurs in the liver
o Excretion: elimination; feces, urine, sweat, exhaled air
• Pharmacodynamics: the biochemical changes that occur in the body as a result of taking a drug
o Agonists: drugs that bind with a receptor and increase the typical response
o Antagonists: drugs that bind with a receptor and either blocks or inhibits a
typical response
o Competitive antagonists: compete with an agonist for a receptor site. If given in
large doses will decrease the response of an agonist.
o Noncompetitive antagonists: blocks an agonist receptor site. If given in large doses
can completely block the response of an agonist
2
, Define "adverse drug reactions"
• Occur when a medication is given at the appropriate dose
o Nontherapeutic
o Unintended
o May be predictable or unpredictable
o Varies in severity; mild to life threatening
Define "therapeutic effects"
• Drugs intended purpose
Understanding Essential Drug
Information Describe "Off-label"
• When a physician gives you a drug that the FDA has approved to treat a condition different
than your own
• Legal and common practice
Describe the most severe type of adverse drug reaction and how the patient could present in this case
(clinical manifestations)
• Most severe= an allergic reaction
• Reaction can range from itching/rash/hives to anaphylactic shock
• Previous exposure increases sensitivity to the drug and may produce more severe reaction
upon second exposure to the drug
• Symptoms of anaphylactic shock:
o Swelling of the eyes, face, mouth, and throat
o Difficulty breathing; wheezing
o Rapid heart rate and extremely low blood pressure
• Symptoms may lead to cardiac arrest
Define and describe tolerance, cumulative effect, and toxicity.
• Drug tolerance: the bodies decreased response to a drug over a period of time or repeated use
• Cumulative effect (drug sensitivity): occurs when the body is unable to excrete an existing
dose of medication before another dose is administered
o May be caused by a metabolic change in the body (liver/kidney)
• Drug toxicity: excessive doses result in a negative physiologic effect
o Can be a result of impaired drug excretion/metabolism
o Important to monitor drug serum levels
o May cause irreversible damage; potentially life threatening
Differentiate between precautions and contraindications
• Precautions: Only use these drugs when necessary, and when the benefit outweighs the risk.
• Contraindications: the potential to cause a serious or life-threatening adverse drug reactions
in relation to a specific factor
o Specific food, combination of certain medications, certain populations
• “A contraindication means that a vaccine should not be administered. A precaution identifies
a situation in which a vaccine may be administered if the benefit is judged to outweigh the
risk.”
3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller magdamwikash23. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
