This document contains all lecture notes, including images with descriptions explaining the images. Every explanation that the lecturer gave for a specific slide is in there.
investigating neuronal network function in behavior
Written for
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
Minor Biomolecular science track neuroscience
Neuronal networks and Behavior
All documents for this subject (1)
Seller
Follow
clairesnel2
Reviews received
Content preview
Neuronal Networks
and Behavior
Minor Biomolecular science track
neuroscience
Claire Snel
Jaar 3, 2023
0
,Inhoudsopgave
Lecture 1 – Introduction and general plan of sensory system ........................................................................... 2
Part 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 2
Part 2 General plan of sensory system ............................................................................................................... 2
Lecture 2 – Visual system 1............................................................................................................................... 9
Lecture 3 – Visual system 2............................................................................................................................. 19
Lecture 4 – Auditory system ........................................................................................................................... 30
Lecture 5 – Chemical senses ........................................................................................................................... 41
Part 1 Odor ....................................................................................................................................................... 41
Part 2 Taste ....................................................................................................................................................... 45
Lecture 6 – Hippocampal memory and plasticity ............................................................................................ 50
Part 1 Memory and the hippocampus .............................................................................................................. 50
Part 2 Cellular organization and plasticity in hippocampus ............................................................................. 55
Lecture 7 – Cognition and emotion ................................................................................................................. 63
Part 1 Emotion .................................................................................................................................................. 63
Part 2 Cognition ................................................................................................................................................ 70
Lecture 8 – Movement 1................................................................................................................................. 76
Lecture 9 – Movement 2................................................................................................................................. 86
Lecture 3 – Movement 3................................................................................................................................. 94
Lecture 11 – Investigating neuronal (network) function in behavior ............................................................. 101
1
,Lecture 1 – Introduction and general plan of sensory system
Part 1 Introduction
Lecture 1 General plan of sensory system
Lecture 2 Visual system 1
Lecture 3 Visual system 2
Lecture 4 Auditory system
Lecture 5 Chemical senses
Lecture 6 Hippocampal memory and plasticity
Lecture 7 Cognition and emotion
Lecture 8 Movement 1
Lecture 9 Movement 2
Lecture 10 Movement 3
Lecture 11 Neuronal networks of cognition
Part 2 General plan of sensory system
>> How does the brain work?
The human brain is built of neurons
The human cortex:
- >86 billion neurons
- 1000-10.000 synapses per neuron
- 1014-1015 synapses
Communication between neurons: synaptic transmission
1. Axons release neurotransmitters
2. Different neurotransmitters bind to postsynaptic receptors and
determine whether the postsynaptic cell membrane will
depolarize (generate EPSP) or hyperpolarize (generate IPSP)
3. Synapses/neurons can be excitatory (release glutamate) and
inhibitory (GABA, glycine); modulation of synaptic transmission by
dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine etc.
4. EPSPs increase excitability of the cell and increase the probability
of AP (action potential) generation
5. IPSPs decrease excitability and probability of AP generation
6. In the neuronal network each neuron will integrate multiple EPSPs
and IPSPs, the sum will determine whether the cell fires an AP
7. Frequency of AP firing conveys the signal
8. Drugs can bind to the receptors and simulate the action of
neurotransmitters
2
, General plan of sensory systems
Perception of the outside world
If you want to build a sensing machine what would you need?
Receives and translates information into the language of the machine
1. Sensory receptors/axons translate the energy of the stimulus (for example
heat/ temperature) into electrical signals
Transports information for processing
2. Axons transport the signal to the series of relay nuclei
Integrates and processes information
3. Interneurons and local circuitry in nuclei process the signal >> image →
Gives output
Sensory systems
1. Reception
- Sensory receptors translate the energy of the stimulus into electrical signals (modality,
location, intensity and timing)
2. Transport:
- Axons transport the signal to the series of relay nuclei (parallel processing, topographical
representation, cross-over, feedback connections)
3. Processing
- Interneurons and local circuitry in nuclei process the signal
Sensory receptors are activated by the energy of the stimulus
➢ Modality means, the type of the stimulus and is connected to the energy of the stimulus >
what type of energy is this?
- Non-sensory neuron; any type of neuron in the brain
- If this neuron receives information, it receives it from other
neurons, they receive them from axons
- This is the canonical way of information transfer
- This neuron can either EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic
potential) or IPSP (inhibitory) and then finally sum up those
potentials to generate or not generate an action potential
➢ However, with receptors its different because they don’t have axons that will come from
other cells > they need to react to the energy of the stimulus
➢ For the visual system we have rod and cones in the retina (in yellow in the image) that will be
filled with receptors that react only to light
➢ The structure of these neurons is very different from pyramidal cells (left in image)
3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller clairesnel2. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.40. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
