Cellular Injury, Adaptations, and Maladaptive Changes 2023 QUESTIONS AND ANWERS WITH A GRADE OF A+ AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS

histology - ANSmicroscopic study of tissues and cells, yields important diagnostic info biopsy - ANSextraction of cell sample from organ or mass of tissue to allow for histological examination pathognomonic changes - ANShistological findings that represent distinct disease processes atrophy - ANScellular adaptation in which cells revert to a smaller size in repsonse to changes in metabolic requirements or environment why does atrophy occur - ANSwhen cell's environment cannot support its metabolic requirements, cell's smaller size allows for less metabolic demand and more efficient functioning that is compatable for survival causes of atrophy - ANS(shrinking of skeletal muscles), paralysis (loss of nerve stimulation), disuse or diminished workload, loss of hormonal stimulation, inadequate nutrition, decreased blood flow (ischemia), aging hypertrophy - ANSincrease in individual cell size that results in an enlargement of functioning tissue mass, increases cell's functioning leading to greater metabolic demand and energy needs causes of physiologic hypertrophy - ANSexercise (increases muscle mass) enlarged muscle is adequately perfused and supplied with blood flow, O2, and nutrients b/c of angiogenesis angiogenesis - ANSgrowth of new blood vessel branches, increases with exercise pathological hypertrophy - ANSincrease in cell size without an increase in the supportive structures necessary for the enlarged cell's increased metabolic needs ischemia - ANSinadequate blood flow