PFT & ABG questions with complete solutions

What does Spirometry do and how is it performed? correct answer: -Measures airflow, typically used to detect and monitor obstructive diseases. - Pt is standing or sitting, inhales maximally, with a good seal around the mouthpiece the patient blows out as hard and fast as possible for at least 6 seconds, record the best of three trials What is Diffusing capacity of Carbon Monoxide Capacity (DLCO) correct answer: Tests pulmonary vascular function. measures the ability of the lungs to transfer gas from inhaled air to RBC in pulm capillaries What are the "typical" Pulmonary lung function test? correct answer: Spirometry, Lung volumes, DLCO Why would you order PFTs correct answer: 1. Dx a disease:Pt has symptoms, abnormal labs/imaging 2. Guide disease management 3. Monitor disease progression 4. Monitor effectiveness of Tx 5. Pre-operative assessment of certain patients 6. Screen indiciduals at risk (smokers, inhalant exposure, medications) What are to broad categories of chronic diffuse lung disease? correct answer: Obstructive, restrictive, and pulmonary vascular What are examples of Obstructive lung disease and what is it? correct answer: 1. Asthma 2. COPD 3. Bronchiectasis 4. Cystic Fibrosis *Limitation of EXPIRATORY airflow, so that air cannot empty as rapidly compared to normal *CF is restrictive and obstructive What are examples of restrictive lung disease and what is it? correct answer: 1. interstitial lung disease 2. chest wall/diaphragm pathology 3. obesity 4. neuromuscular disease 5. Cystic Fibrosis *Reduced lung volumes, decreased lung compliance *CF is both restrictive and obstructive What are examples of pulmonary vascular disease? correct answer: Primary pulm HTN, Chronic thromboembolic disease What are the 4 most important spirometry v