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Samenvatting Toegepaste Neuroanatomie (1022FBDDIE)
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Samenvatting van deel Kopzenuwen van de lessen "toegepaste neuroanatomie".
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INHOUDSOPGAV E1. nervus olfactorius (NI) .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 n vomeronasalis ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
1.2 n olfactorius .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 n terminalis ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
signaaloverdracht ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
neurologisch onderzoek ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Conclusie n. olfactorius ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
2. n opticus (nII) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
bewust zien ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
neurologisch onderzoek van het bewust zien .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
onbewuste waarnemingen ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
neurologisch onderzoek onbewust waarnemen .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
3. nervus occulomotorius (nIII) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
verloop van de nervus ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
neurologisch onderzoek ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
symptomen bij een uitval van de NIII ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
4. nervus trochlearis (NIV) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
neurologische onderzoek ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
symptomen bij een uitval van de NIV ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
5. nervus trigeminus (Nv)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
5.1 nervus ophtalmicus .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
5.2 nervus maxillaris ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
5.3 Nervus mandibularis .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
neurologische onderzoek ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 17
typische symptomen ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Pramen .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 17
6. Nervus abducens (nvi) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18
neurologische onderzoek ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
7. nervus facialis (nvii)............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
neurologische onderzoek ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
n facialis tetanie ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 22
n facialis paralyse .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
8. NERVUS vestibulocochlearis ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
radix cochlearis ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
radix vestibularis ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
neurologische onderzoek ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
9. nervus glossopharyngeus ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
neurologische onderzoek ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 28
luchtzakproblemen ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
10. nervus vagus ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
neurologische onderzoek ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 30
problemen ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
slikreflex............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 31
innervatie sens tong ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
11. nervus accessorius ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 32
neurologische onderzoek ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 32
12. nervus hypoglossus ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
neurologische onderzoek ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
luchtzakproblemen ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
,DE KOPZENUWEN
1. NERVUS OLFACTORIU S (NI)
De eerste kopzenuw, ligt het meest rostraal. Deze is volledig gelinkt met de reukzin
- SENSORISCH ( zintuigen)
- Bevat bipolaire neuronen in het reukslijmvlies
o Liggen dus buiten het CZS
- Fila olfactorii = gevormd door niet gemyeliniseerde axonen
- Zet zicht doorheen het os ethmoidale/ zeefbeen (door de schedel naar de hersenen)
- Bevat schakelneuronen thv de bulbus olfactorius, deze projecteren naar de cortexgebieden van de rhinencephalon
o Onbewuste waarneming thalamus, amygdala, … (lymbisch systeem activatie mogelijk)
o Bewuste waarneming naar het rhinencephalon
- Deelt op in de N olfactorius, N vomeronasalis (en de N terminalis)
1.1 N VOMERONASALIS
Afsplitsing van de nervus olfactorius (NI)
Deze vertrekt uit het Vomeronasaal orgaan (Jacobson) in het dak van de mondholte (achter de snijtanden)
Ondergaat een stimulatie tijdens het flehmen ( het “opzuigen” van lucht)
- Aparte bundels die naar de bulbus olfactorius lopen
- Vanuit het Vomeronasaal orgaan, met een kanaaltje naar de neus
- Afwezig bij de mens
Vomeronasaal orgaan neusholte zeefbeen bulbus olfactorius amygdala (gaat niet langst de
cortex en is dus een onbewuste waarneming)
1.2 N OLFACTORIUS
Afsplitsing van de nervus olfactorius (NI)
- Bundels vanuit het neusslijmvlies naar de bulbus olfactorius
1.3 N TERMINALIS
Afsplitsing van de nervus olfactorius (NI)
- Projecteert niet naar de bulbus olfactorius maar eindigt thv de lamina terminalis
- Bevat ganglia in het neusepitheel
- Reguleert bv de GnRH release (rol in de voortplanting)
- Ook deze is bij de mens afwezig
,SIGNAALOVERDRACHT
Je hebt een bewuste en een onbewuste waarneming
Bewuste waarneming
Onbewuste waarneming
NEUROLOGISCH ONDERZO EK
Te testen aan de hand van reuk maar reuktesten maken gebruik van irriterende stoffen en zo wordt ook de NV (n trigeminus)
getest de NI is dus zeer moeilijk om te testen
Mensen aan dingen laten reuken
Dier aan dingen die stinken laten reuken
Maar °irritaties
Is dit dan meer een chemische waarneming ipv een reukwaarneming?
Een echt neurologisch onderzoek is dus eigenlijk niet mogelijk
CONCLUSIE N. OLFACTORIUS
• Is een kopzenuw en is zuiver sensorisch
• De eerste neuronen in het schakelproces liggen in de periferie en de axonen van deze
neuronen vormen samen de nervus olfactorius
Overschakeling thv de bulbus olfactorius via een 2e schakelneuron en van daaruit ontstaan
projecties naar de cortex en andere gebieden die belang hebben in het limbische systeem.
, 2. N OPTICUS (NII)
- SENSORISCH ( zintuigen)
- Ganglioncellen (neuronen) liggen buiten het centrale zenuwstelsel (meer bepaald in het retina van de oog)
- Er is een blinde vlek (daar waar de neuronen uit het oog vertrekken)
- Axonen van deze ganglioncellen vormen samen de n opticus
- Er is een chiasma optica, vanaf hier noemen we de zenuwbundels de tractus opticus
- Er is een projectie naar
o Het corpus geniculatum laterale visuele cortex
Het bewust zien
o Het colliculus rostralis fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
Onbewust schakelen naar de motorische kernen van de oogspieren en andere kernen
BEWUST ZIEN
Het corpus geniculatum laterales (15) ! hier bevindt zich een schakelneuron
richting de visuele cortex
Hoe meer het binoculaire zicht afneemt (hangt af van de diersoort), hoer
meer zenuwvezels zullen overkruisen naar de andere zijde. Bv een mens
heeft veel binoculair zicht weinig overkruising, een vogel andersom
Visuele informatie geprojecteerd naar de visuele cortex via het corpus
geniculatum laterale visuele cortex
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