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NCC EFM Complete Study Guide

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NCC EFM Complete Study Guide Causes of uteroplacental perfusion decrease: Ans- • HTN • Pregnancy • DM • Hypotension • Excessive uterine contractions (hypertonus) • Decreased surface area, edema, degenerative calcifications, infarcts, infection FHR reflects fetal oxygenation from ...

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  • February 15, 2023
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  • 2022/2023
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NCC EFM Complete Study Guide
Causes of uteroplacental perfusion decrease: Ans- • HTN

• Pregnancy

• DM

• Hypotension

• Excessive uterine contractions (hypertonus)

• Decreased surface area, edema, degenerative calcifications, infarcts, infection



FHR reflects fetal oxygenation from which extrinsic factors: Ans- • Maternal oxygenation

• Uterine blood flow

• Placental change

• Umbilical blood flow



FHR reflects oxygenation from which intrinsic factors: Ans- • Fetal circulation

• Oxygenation of tissues

• FHR regulation



Fetal shunts: Ans- • Ductus venosus- liver

• PFO- Right to left atria

• Ductus arteriosis- pulmonary a. to aorta



Oxygen depletion cascade: Ans- • Aerobic metabolism

• Hypoxemia

• Tissue hypoxia

• Anaerobic metabolism

• Lactic acid build up

• Metabolic acidosis

, Sympathetic innervation: Ans- • Releases Eip/norepi

• Increases FHR



Parasympathetic/Vagal innervation: Ans- • Releases ach

• Decreases FHR and transmits variability



Early decel: Ans- • Fetal head compression

• ->vasovagal response



Variable decel: Ans- • Cord compression

• ->increase BP/HTN

• ->activation of baroreceptor

• ->decrease FHR, BP, and CO



Late decel: Ans- • Inadequate uteroplacental blood flow->decreased maternal fetal O2 transfer

• ->activation of chemoreceptors to respond due to increased PCO2, decreased PO2, and decreased pH

• ->Fetal bradycardia and hypertension



Category I: Ans- • Normal fetal acid base status

• All the following are required:

• Moderate variability

• Baseline rate 110-160

• Late or variable decels are absent

• Early decels present or absent

• Accels present or absent



Category II: Ans- • Indeterminate compensatory response

• Not category I or II

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