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CPS 4 solutions University of Southern California ECON 318

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Data: Ramanathan 4-4, demand for bus travel. 1- Use method of OLS to estimate the parameters of the following model: BUSTRAVL = β0+ β1FARE+ β2GASPRICE+ β3INCOME+ β4POP+ β5DENSITY+ β6LANDAREA+u a. Do parameter estimates have the expected sign? Explain Model 1: OLS, using observations 1-40...

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  • February 22, 2023
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Data: Ramanathan 4-4, demand for bus travel.

1- Use method of OLS to estimate the parameters of the following model:

BUSTRAVL = β0+ β1FARE+ β2GASPRICE+ β3INCOME+ β4POP+ β5DENSITY+ β6LANDAREA+u
a. Do parameter estimates have the expected sign? Explain

Model 1: OLS, using observations 1-40
Dependent variable: BUSTRAVL

coefficient std. error t-ratio p-value
----------------------------------------------------------
const 2744.68 2641.67 1.039 0.3064
FARE −238.654 451.728 −0.5283 0.6008
GASPRICE 522.113 2658.23 0.1964 0.8455
INCOME −0.194744 0.0648867 −3.001 0.0051 ***
POP 1.71144 0.231364 7.397 1.69e-08 ***
DENSITY 0.116415 0.0595703 1.954 0.0592 *
LANDAREA −1.15523 1.80264 −0.6409 0.5260

Mean dependent var 1933.175 S.D. dependent var 2431.757
Sum squared resid 18213267 S.E. of regression 742.9113
R-squared 0.921026 Adjusted R-squared 0.906667
F(6, 33) 64.14338 P-value(F) 8.92e-17

Yes, all parameters have the correct sign;
 As fares increase bus travel decreases (law of demand).
 Increase in gas prices make bus travel relatively cheaper than driving.
 Since bus travel is an inferior good, increase in income leads to less bus travel.
 Increase in population leads to more bus travel.
 Areas with high population density have more traffic congestions that make bus travel more efficient than
driving.
 In metropolitan areas with large land area bus travel is time consuming hence driving becomes more
efficient.

b. Test for significance of POP at 1%. Show your work

H0: β4=0
H1: β4≠0,
Test statistic t=1.71/.23=7.397 with P-value=0.0000000169. So we reject the null.

c. Manually calculate SSR

Under ADD tab, define a new variable
ŷ= 2744-238.65FARE+ 533.11GASPRICE-0.194INCOME+1.71POP+0.116DENSITY-1.15LANDAREA
Then find sum(BUSTRAVEL-ŷ)2, it will be the same as SSR=18213267




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