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Summary Performance-Enhancing Substances and Methods

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An in-depth summary of chapter 11, Performance-Enhancing Substances and Methods, from the Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning.

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  • Chapter 11
  • February 22, 2023
  • 21
  • 2017/2018
  • Summary
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PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING
SUBSTANCES AND METHODS
Chapter 11

, Page |1



Contents
Types of Performance-Enhancing Substances.......................................................................................................................3
Hormones..............................................................................................................................................................................5
Anabolic Steroids...............................................................................................................................................................5
Dosing............................................................................................................................................................................6
Who uses Anabolic Steroids?........................................................................................................................................6
Efficacy.......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Muscle Mass and Strength............................................................................................................................................6
Athletic Performance.....................................................................................................................................................7
Physiological Effects......................................................................................................................................................7
Adverse Effects..............................................................................................................................................................7
Testosterone Precursors (prohormones)..........................................................................................................................8
HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin).............................................................................................................................8
Efficacy.......................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Adverse Effects..............................................................................................................................................................8
Insulin................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Efficacy.......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Adverse Effects..............................................................................................................................................................9
Human Growth Hormone..................................................................................................................................................9
Efficacy.......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Adverse Effects............................................................................................................................................................10
Erythropoietin................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Efficacy........................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Adverse Effects............................................................................................................................................................10
β-Adrenergic Agonists.....................................................................................................................................................11
Efficacy........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Adverse Effects............................................................................................................................................................11
β-Blockers........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Efficacy........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Adverse Effects............................................................................................................................................................11
Dietary Supplements...........................................................................................................................................................12
Essential Amino Acids, Branched-Chain Amino Acids......................................................................................................12
Efficacy........................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Arginine........................................................................................................................................................................... 13

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Efficacy........................................................................................................................................................................ 13
Adverse Effects............................................................................................................................................................13
β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate..........................................................................................................................................13
Efficacy........................................................................................................................................................................ 13
Adverse Effects............................................................................................................................................................13
Nutritional Muscle Buffers...............................................................................................................................................14
β-Alanine..................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Sodium Bicarbonate....................................................................................................................................................14
Sodium Citrate.............................................................................................................................................................15
L-Carnitine................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Creatine........................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Importance of Creatine to Exercise.............................................................................................................................16
Creatine Supplementation...........................................................................................................................................16
Efficacy........................................................................................................................................................................ 16
Body Mass Changes.....................................................................................................................................................16
Adverse Effects............................................................................................................................................................16
Stimulants........................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Caffeine....................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Preworkout Energy Drinks...........................................................................................................................................18
Ephedrine.................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Citrus Aurantium.........................................................................................................................................................20

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