BIOD 121 (portage) Module 4: Vitamins and Minearls
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BIOD 121 Module 4: Vitamins and Minearls
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BIOD 121 Module 4: Vitamins And Minearls
BIOD 121 (portage) Module 4: Vitamins
and Minearls
Vitamins Ans- organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts, almost exclusively obtained
through the diet.
Function of vitamines? Ans- help regulate and support a variety of processes related to digestion,
absorption, metabolism, a...
BIOD 121 (portage) Module 4: Vitamins
and Minearls
Vitamins Ans- organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts, almost exclusively obtained
through the diet.
Function of vitamines? Ans- help regulate and support a variety of processes related to digestion,
absorption, metabolism, and body regulations.
Yield no energy: Ans- vitamines
Vitamins are important for: Ans- growth and maintenance of our bodies
How many essential vitamins are there? Ans- 13 known
Essential Vitamins: Ans- found in both plant and animal sources, and the majority cannot be synthesized
by the human body.
Exceptions to vitamins that do not have to be consumed by in the diet: Ans- Vitamin K and biotin
(produced from gut flora in the GI tract), and vitamin D which is synthesized in the skin through sunlight
Two vitamins can be produced through precursors: Ans- Vitamin A can be produced after we consume
food containing beta carotene, and niacin can be produced when we consume foods containing the
amino acid tryptophan.
Organic compounds must meet 2 criteria in order to be considered a vitamin: Ans- 1) enough of the
compound must be consumed in the diet to maintain health
2) symptoms of deficiency occur in the absence of the compound, resulting in declining health, but is
restored when the deficiency is corrected.
Why do we fortify and enrich our foods? Ans- During manufacturing of food, some nutrients are lost.
, Enrichment: Ans- the process of taking nutrients that were lost in the milling or processing of the food
and adding them back to the final product
Fortification Ans- process of supplementing a product with additional vitamins that would not normally
be in that product (i.e. putting vitamin D in orange juice or adding vitamins to cereal)
Vitamins can be classified as: Ans- fat soluble or water soluble
Fat-soluble vitamins: Ans- dependent on dietary fat for absorption. Once absorbed they are stored in
adipose tissue and liver.
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are: Ans- fat soluble
Since fat-soluble vitamins are not easily excreted from the body, excess consumption over time could
lead to: Ans- toxic levels in the body
Two forms of Vitamin A: Ans- Preformed (Retinol, Retinal) and Provitamin (carotenoids)
Functions of Preformed vitamin A Ans- vision, immunity, growth development, disease prevention
Functions of Provitamin A Ans- precursors, antioxidants
Deficiencies of Preformed Vitamin A Ans- night blindness, Xeropthalmia
Xeropthalmia: Ans- occurs when mucus isn't developing and blindness sets in
Deficiencies of Provitamin A Ans- Macular Degeneration
Sources of Preformed Vitamin A Ans- Animal sources
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