NURS 231 Pathophys Module 5
The respiratory system can be divided into what 2 structures? Ans- Conducting airways and respiratory
tissues
What are the levels of branching? Ans- Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Where is the site of gas exchange? Ans- Alveoli
What cells are in the alveola...
NURS 231 Pathophys Module 5
The respiratory system can be divided into what 2 structures? Ans- Conducting airways and respiratory
tissues
What are the levels of branching? Ans- Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Where is the site of gas exchange? Ans- Alveoli
What cells are in the alveolar epithelium? Ans- Type 1 and II alveolar cells, macrophages
Describe what happens during inspiration and expiration: Ans- During inspiration, air is drawn into the
lungs as the respiratory muscles expand the chest cavity. During expiration, air moves out of the lungs as
the chest muscles relax and the chest cavity becomes smaller.
What occurs with the diaphragm during inspiration and expiration? Ans- The diaphragm is the main
muscle of inspiration. When the diaphragm contracts (inspiration), the chest expands. Upon expiration,
the chest cavity decreases and pressure inside increases.
What is lung compliance? What factors affect it? Ans- Lung compliance is the ease with which lungs can
be inflated. Elastin, collagen, elastic recoil, and surface tension can affect lung compliance.
Lung Volumes Ans- The amount of air exchanged from a single event during ventilation (measure by a
spirometer)
Tidal Volume (Vt) Ans- normal volume of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) Ans- amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after taking a normal
breath
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) Ans- Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after taking a normal
breath
, Residual Volume (RV) Ans- Air remaining in the lungs after forced expiration (cant be measured with
spirometer)
Vital Capacity (VC) Ans- amount of air that can be exhaled after maximal inhalation. (VC=Vt + IRV + ERV)
Inspiratory Capacity (IC) Ans- Max amount of air that can be inhaled following a normal expiration (IC=
Vt + IRV)
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) Ans- the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal
expiration (FRC= RV + ERV)
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) Ans- sum of all lung volumes (TLC= IRV + Vt + ERV + RV)
pulmonary function tests Ans- Observe pulmonary flow in relation to time. Used to diagnose respiratory
disease or to
examine respiratory complaints. Or can be used as a pre op anesthesia or surgical risk evaluation
Maximum voluntary ventilation Ans- measures volume of air a person can move in and out of the lungs
under max effort in
12-15 seconds (L/min)
Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) Ans- measures volume of air that can be quickly and forcefully exhaled
following full
Ventilation Ans- the movement of gases into and out of the lungs
Perfusion Ans- the process that allows blood flow to help facilitate gas exchange
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