Physics Notes 2023 with complete solutions questions and answers

Physics The study of matter and energy and their interactions (study of motion) Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Motion A change in position over time. Energy Ability to do work or to cause change. (potential energy is stored;kinetic energy is in motion) Speed Rate of change of postion over time. (mph,m/s) Velocity Rate of change of postion over time in a given direction. (70mph N) Force A Push or pull that changes the motion or shape of an object. (examples gravity, muscular, friction, centripetal, elastic. Centripetal Force Any force that keeps an object moving in a circle. Net Force The overall force acting on an object when all of the forces acting on it are combined. Inertia The resistance of an object to a change in the speed or the direction of its motion. Acceleration The rate at which the velocity of a body changes with time. (can speed up, slow down or change direction) Mass A measure of how much matter an object is made of. Law Statement that summarizes, identifies, or describes a relationship among observable phenomena. Newton's 1st Law A body at rest remains at rest; a body in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Newton's 2nd Law the acceleration (a) of a body is directly proportional to the net force (F) and is inversely proportional to the mass m of the body, i.e., F=ma. Newton's 3rd Law To every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction Friction A force that resists the motion between two surfaces in contact. Newton's Law of Gravitation Universal force by which every body in the universe attracts every other body. Velocity Time Graph A motion graph which shows velocity against time for a given body. Work The use of force to move an object over a distance. (w=Fxd) energy transferred by a force. Joule A unit to measure energy and work. One joule of work is done when a force of one newton moves an object one meter. Power The rate at which work is done per unit time. ( p=w/t) Watt The unit of measurement for power. One wattis equal to one joule of work done in one second. Machine Any device that makes doing work easier. Simple Machine A mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of the force Lever A solid bar that rotates or turns, around a fixed point (fulcrum) Fulcrum A fixed point around which a lever rotates Inclined Plane A simple machine that is sloping surface, such a a ramp. Pulley A wheel with a grooved rim that turns on an axle. Screw Inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. Wedge Iinclined plane that tapers to a sharp edge. Wheel and axle Wheel connected to rigid pole. Compound Machine A machine that is made up of two or more simple machines. Mechanical Advantage The number of times a machine multiplies the input force. Law of Conservation of Energy A law stating that no matter how energy is transferred or transformed, all of the energy is still present in one form or another. (Energy cannot be created or destroyed.