ASTR 1010 Final Vanderbilt; 100% VERIFIED (GRADED A+)

dark energy + evidence correct answers a mysterious repulsive force that appears to be causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate Type Ia supernovae as standard candles; Hbl law says they should be moving faster there; inverse square law for light dictates that dimmer = farther; calculated dstncs to things are even farther than their redshift predicts; they are being pushed away dark matter + evidence correct answers matter (gravity, attractive force) that does not give off electromagnetic radiation but is quite abundant in the universe rotation curves, ultra-faint galaxies, gravitational lensing, Coma Cluster + Zwicky, Bullet Cluster proton-proton chain correct answers high density + high heat needed P + P - H2 + e⁻ + neutrino H2 + P - He3 + gamma ray He3 + He3 - He4 + 2P radioactive decay correct answers the process by which radioactive isotope breaks down into a stable isotope of same/another element; each half-life leaves half of existing population of radioactive isotope star cluster + special properties correct answers gravitationally bound stars formed from the same gas cloud; all about same dstnc from Earth, all about same age; open clusters have countable stars, globular clusters have too many to count (stable for like, ever with that much gravity) main sequence fitting correct answers measuring the distance to a star cluster by comparing the apparent brightness of the cluster's main sequence with that of the standard main sequence white dwarfs + special properties correct answers inert core of dead red giant; stable size due to degeneracy pressr, DENSE (Earth size, Sun mass), can't generate new energy, cool off, gradually grow fainter period-luminosity diagram correct answers plots logarithmic relatnshp btwn cepheids' varblty pd length and abs L; given abs L + apparent L, we can estimt dstnc to cepheid + of obj in which it resides cepheid variable stars correct answers variable star w/ irregular varblty trend, rapidly brightening, fading progressively slower till 3/4 down, then rapidly finishing/repeating; variatn related to intrinsic luminosity, i.e. their size/temp changing why we consider universe expanding rather than things just m