TExES English 7-12 231 Latest Update with Certified Solutions

TExES English 7-12 231 Latest Update with Certified Solutions Epic A long poem reflecting the values of a society. Usually contains a protagonist, the lead character, and an antagonist, a character who opposes or competes with the protagonist who may possess supernatural powers. Protagonist The lead character in literary work Fable A tale in which animals take on human characteristics; usually written to provide a moral lesson (didactic) or to illustrate man's shortcomings. Farce A light dramatic composition that uses highly improbable situations, stereotyped characters, exaggerations, and violence. It is generally regarded as inferior to comedy because of its crude characterizations. Legend A story of traditional, enduring quality from earlier times. Myth Related the deeds of extraordinary beings and speak to a common truth about life. Alliteration The repetition of initial consonant sounds in two or more words in a line of writing; often used for poetic effect. Based on sound, not spelling. Allusion Reference to a well-known person, place, object, event or literary work or work of art. The use of allusion implies shared literary and cultural experiences between author and reader. Anachronism Placing an event, person or object out of its proper chronological place. Analogy An inference that two dissimilar things share common traits. Antagonist A character or force in conflict with the main (protagonist) character. Antithesis A figure of speech in which a thought is balanced with a contrasting thought in parallel arrangements of words and phrases. Apostrophe When a character turns away from the audience and directly addresses an absent person or a personified quality. Allows the character the opportunity to think aloud. Aside Lines spoken directly to the audience by an actor Assonance The repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words. Catharsis The reader or audience feels compassion with the protagonist and experiences a sense of relief when watching a protagonist overcome great odds. Character A person in a story, poem or play. Even if the character is an animal or a god, the character will have human characteristics. Static character A character who does not change during the course of the story Dynamic character A character that changes in some way during the story Flat character A character who exhibit few personality traits in a literary work Round character A complex character in a literary work Climax The moment of the greatest emotional tension or suspense in a story or novel Connotation A hidden meaning of a word usually determined by the context in which the word is used. Words may be negative or positive. Consonance An example of near rhyme - the repetition of terminal consonant sounds; often used by poets to create rhyme. Denouement A french term that literally "untying the knot" used to describe the moment of climax resolution a story Denotation The literal dictionary meaning(s) of a word Eulogy A speech or writing to praise or honor someone, most commonly spoken at a funeral Euphemism A device where a direct, unpleasant expression is replaced by an indirect, pleasant phrase. Existentialism Popularized by the writer, Sartre - believed that man determines his own destiny by the choices he makes, anchored in reality not idealized life. First-person narrative A character in a story tells the story from this point of view, often using the pronouns I, me, or my. Flashback A section of a literary work that interrupts the sequence of events to relate to an event from an earlier time. Figure of Speech - Figurative language Writing or language not meant for literal interpretation; instead, these words are out of their literal meaning or out of their ordinary use in order to add beauty or emotional intensity or to transfer meaning by comparing or identifying one thing with another. Figures of speech may include simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, or symbolism. Foreshadowing A hint that prepares readers for what occurs later in the work. In the film, Jaws, the audience members always knew when the shark was coming close to a victim when the music played. Hyperbole An exaggerated expression or overstatement. Image, Imagery Language that addresses the senses of the real or imaged world. The descriptive or figurative language used in literature to evoke mental images, not only in the visual sense, but also using other senses or the emotions as well. Irony An unexpected disparity between what is spoken or written and the reality or expectation of the situation Verbal Irony Is when the author says one thing and means something else. Dramatic Irony Takes place when the audience perceives something that the character does not know Malapropism French meaning "ill to purpose". The mistaken substitution of one word for another that sounds similar, generally for comic effect. Meiosis Understatement; the presentation of a word or phrase with under-emphasis in order to achieve a greater effect Metaphor A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is implicitly compared to something else creating an analogy, without words such as like or as. Extended metaphor Where the entire work is organized into a comparison. Metonymy A figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another object closely associated with it. Motif A thematic element recurring frequently in a work of literature Muse The name denotes memory or a reminder. In mythology, this is a source of inspiration, or guiding genius. Narration A story told in fiction, nonfiction, poetry or drama. May be limited, and told from the point of view of one character in either first or third person; or it may be omniscient. Neoclassicism Adherence to virtues thought to be characteristic or classical literature: elegance, correctness, simplicity, dignity, restraint, order, and proportion; sometimes modifies a classic in order to comment on contemporary conditions. Used to describe the revival during the English Enlightenment or Restoration Era of ideals of art and literature derived from the Greek and Roman classics. Burke, Dryden, Johnson, Pope, Swift. Omniscient A literary work in which the narrator reveals to the audience or reader what the characters think and feel. Onomatopoeia The use of words that imitate sounds. Oxymoron The conjunction of words which, at first view, seem to be contradictory or incongruous, but whose surprising juxtaposition expresses a truth. Palindrome A word, verse, or sentence in which the sequence of letters is the same forward and backward. Paradox A statement which appears contradictory or absurd to common sense yet can be seen as true when viewed from the writer's point of view. Pathos A scene or passage in a work evoking great emotion in the audience or reader. Personification A type of figurative language in which distinctive human characteristics are given to objects/ animals. Point of view From whose perspective the story is being told -- such as a character within the story or an omniscient narrator -- and what their vantage point is Pyramid A graphic design that illustrates the structure of a typical five-act play Exposition The introduction, background information of a five-act play Rising action The events leading up to the climax of a play or other literary work Falling action Action after the climax leading to the denoument or catastophe Catastrophe The final action that completes the unraveling of the