Samenvatting Reader (Teksten) : Theorieën van de Internationale Relaties
Politics Among Nations : Hans Morgenthau (Neoklassiek Realisme)
Future Of Diplomacy : Hans Morgenthau (Neoklassiek Realisme)
Theory Of International Politics : Kenneth Waltz (Neorealisme)
Why Iran Should Get The Bomb ...
Politics Among Nations : Hans Morgenthau (Neoklassiek Realisme) 2
Future Of Diplomacy : Hans Morgenthau (Neoklassiek Realisme) 4
Theory Of International Politics : Kenneth Waltz (Neorealisme) 6
Why Iran Should Get The Bomb : Kenneth Waltz (Neorealisme) 8
Israel Lobby And Us Foreign Policy : Mearsheimer & Walt 9
Two Cheers For Multilateralism : Keohane & Nye (Neoliberaal Institutionalisme) 12
European Constitutional Settlement : Moravcsik (Liberaal-Intergouvernementalisme) 14
Anarchy Is What States Make Of It : Alexander Wendt (Liberaal Institutionalisme) 18
A World Without Superpowers : Barry Buzan (Engelse School) 22
,POLITICS AMONG NATIONS : HANS MORGENTHAU (NEOKLASSIEK REALISME)
verklaring internationale politiek : machtstrijd en machtsevenwicht
< wetenschappelijk onderzoek : inzicht factoren die politieke relaties tussen staten bepalen
< bottom up : staten gestuurd door menselijke natuur, nl. drang naar macht (animus dominandi)
UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL POLITICS
political science
= examine the fundamental and persistent forces of world politics, and the institutions which embody them
≠ historians and international lawyers : incomplete and inadequate
> dualism : study two different and opposite areas, i.e. institution of peace and institution of war
> similarities and differences : social forces are driven by human action (bottom-up) and produce similar results
under similar conditions
understanding the forces of IP has become a vital necessity !! (US view)
< risk of being powerful : taking on the whole political world as friend or foe makes the US both dangerous and
vulnerable, both feared and afraid
< dual revolution : multiple state system transformed into two hostile blocs + modern technology has made
total war possible
zes principes over politieke realiteit
= poging tot verwetenschappelijking (enkel in tweede editie)
1. politiek bepaald door objectieve wetten gebaseerd op menselijke natuur (bottom up)
2. belangen in termen van macht
3. belangen en macht zijn variabel in tijd en ruimte (concrete situaties cf. Bismarck)
4. verschil tussen moraliteit (grote universele principes) en realisme (toegepast op concrete situaties)
5. staten geleid door nationaal belang (machtsdenken) en niet door universele morele principes (kruistochten)
6. autonomie politieke sfeer : staten geleid door politieke rechtmatigheden (1) ipv juridische of morele kaders
, POLITICAL POWER
power
= ability to influence others (decisions and actions)
!! macht leid tot strijd : machtsstrijd of machtsevenwicht
political power
= mutual relations of control among the holders of public authority and between the latter and people at large
< psychological relation : influence trough orders, threats, persuasion or a combination
contribution to national power
< change in the mind of the enemy which will make him yield to the will of the victor
(deter other nations from attack by making it too risky for them to do so)
continuous struggle for power
= struggle for power is universal in time and space (alle social relations and on all levels of social organization)
< elemental bio-psychological desire to dominate by which society is created
!! false conviction that the struggle for power can be eliminated
= social arrangements and institutions that have always existed must not necessarily exist in the future :
belief that involvement in power politics is not inevitable (historic accident and a choice of nations)
< nineteenth century : opposition to aristocratic politics
< AM experience : geographic situation (detached and distant) ; role of spectator
STRUGGLE FOR POWER
all politics (domestic and international) reveal three basic patterns and three corresponding policies
typical patterns of politics typical international policies
keep power policy of the status quo
(towards changing the distribution of power) < peace treaties
!! opposed to major adjustments, that is reversal of < international organization
the power relation < Monroe Doctrine : respect existing distribution and
resist any change
increase power policy of imperialism
(favourable change in power status)
demonstrate power policy of prestige
(purpose of maintaining or increasing power)
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