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Unit 21 part A and B, distinction quality work
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Unit 21 part A and B which was written in the 21/22 academic season
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Unit 21 medical Physics Application.Introduction
As a person who has secured a place within the radiography department of a
teaching hospital to help support my application to study Diagnostic
Radiography and Imaging at a university to help gain valuable experience in the
uses of ionising and non-ionising radiation in the diagnosis and treatment for
the variety of conditions.
Upon the completion of my placement,I will produce a presentation to showcase
my knowledge during the university interviews.
Task A:
Non-ionizing techniques.
1)
MRI
An example of a non-ionizing medical instrument is an MRI machine(Magnetic
resonance imaging.)
Principle:
The magnet in the MRI causes the positive hydrogen ions to spin in the same
direction. We can change the direction of the spin of protons by varying the
direction and strength, allowing for layers of details within the image. When the
MRI is turned off, the protons will take a few minutes to return to their original
state. This is known as precession, and it is caused by the different types of tissue
and the different times they take to return to their original state, allowing
visualisation and differentiation between the different types of tissue within the
body.
Produced:
MRI is created by having multiple different compartments such as
radiofrequency pulses,magnetic fields and a computer.They have a computer to
look at movement of certain parts of the body in real time.Magnetic fields are
used to help align protons.Radiofrequency pulses are used to help with the
alignment of protons and once the RF pulse is finished the protons release the
absorbed energy to help transmit a signal back to the coil.
The uses of an MRI is as follows:
They can help examine the brain and the spinal cord(CNS)
Helps look for cancer
Causes of neurological diseases or problems eg.dementia
Helps to look at places where bones will interfere.
Can look at torn ligaments
, Benefits of an MRI:
Non-Invasive meaning that there will be no scarring or damage towards the
human body
Painless meaning that the patient will not go through excruciating pain.
Non-Contact meaning no touching will be involved this could respect and
regulate the amount of germs that a patient might contract from touching
people.
Precise when it comes to looking at the insides of the organ eg.brain
This is useful when medical professionals need to examine a certain part.
Radiation is not harmful as it uses radio waves which are a non-ionising source
or radiation.
Different types of MRIs:
Functional MRI is an MRI that looks at the brain and is detected by the blood flow
Magnetic resonance angiography is a type MRI that looks at the imaging of the
arteries
Magnetic resonance venography is a type of MRI that looks at the imaging of the
vein.
Cardiac MRI is an MRI that looks at the imaging of the heart.
MRI with contrast is an MRI where they inject a gadolinium dye to help enhance
images of certain organs to help confirm their diagnosis.
Risk of an MRI and who is invalid to have an MRI:
People with pacemakers.
People with metal within the body to help keep their bones in place
People with implants
People with allergic reactions to contrast dye.
References to the MRI machine diagram:
https://www.self.com/story/what-to-expect-mri
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