Chapter 1 computer science questions with correct answers 2023

Chapter 1 computer science questions with correct answers 2023What is a bit? • The core of data storage. Short for binary digit. People are inclined to think of bits as numbers, but what should you do instead? • One or Zero, True or False, On or Off, Open or Close. What is a convenient way imagine the values of 0 and 1? • True or false. What is the term for operations based on these values (true and false)? • Boolean operations What are the three important Boolean operations? What are examples of each? • AND, OR, XOR, Not • IF (There is food) AND (You are hungry) THEN eat. • IF (it's Tuesday at 1pm) OR (it's Thursday at 1pm) THEN you should be in CSC 100 • IF (You are in a library) XOR (You are in a theatre) THEN you should be quiet What is the Boolean operation NOT? • Used for emphasis depending on final outcome. • It represents the opposite of an input in an operation In computers, what is a gate? What is a Flip-Flop? • A gate is a device that produces the output of Boolean operations. They can be mechanical gears, magnetic relays, or electric tubes and transistors. • A flip-flop switch is a device that holds a state of on or off until we want to change it. Then we can represent a lot of things in ones (1) and zeros (0). What is another name for patterns of bits? String What is the name for a long string of bits? Steam Keeping track of long streams of 1s and 0s is hard. What shorthand to we use? • Hexadecimal Notation What is the unit used for managing main memory? RAM What is the name for 8 bits? Byte If we envision the bits within a memory cell as a row, what do we call the left and right ends respectively? • Right is Low-Order End • Left is High-Order End Which of the bits in a cell are most significant? Least significant? • Left side is Most Significant Bit • Right side is Least Significant Bit How do we identify individual cells in memory? • By their Address How do we store patterns longer than the length of a single cell? • Break up the information and put it in multiple locations. What is it called when the machine requests the contents of a cell? • Read Operation (When the machine requests information from a cell) What is it called when the machine records information in a cell? • Write Operation (When the machine records information to a cell) Assuming that we may need to access a cell in any order we please, what is main memory often called? • Volatile memory Why do we use the prefix "kilo" for memory measurement? • Because "Kilo" is Greek for a thousand What do the following measurements mean? Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte? • Megabyte= 1024 Kilobytes • Gigabyte= 1024 Megabytes • Terabyte- 1024 Gigabytes RAM is volatile -how do we help to manage this? • We use mass storage (hard drives) What is a major disadvantage of mass-storage? • Mass-storage is slower than RAM so it's not used for processing. What are the main parts of a magnetic disk system? • Tracks • Sectors • Cylinders When disks are arrange on top of others, what is another name for tracks? • Sectors On a magnetic disk, what is a sector? • Cylinders How do we represent info in the form of text? • Symbols and numbers What is ANSI? • The American National Standards Institute What is ASCII? • American Standard Code for Information Interchange What is ISO? • The International Organization for Standardization What is Unicode, and why do we need it? (Note, this is an MPO - You WILL be tested on it.) • Early Unicode used 16 bits, allowing over 64,000 characters • We need it to encode all of the languages on our computers • Some languages have more than 128 characters • Unicode uses more bits so it can allow for thousands of characters What is Binary Notation? • Binary Notation is a numbering system with only 2 characters, 0 and 1. Similar to hexadecimal notation, the difference being hexadecimal is 0 through F. What binary system is commonly used for whole numbers? For Fractions? • For whole numbers, 2s Compliment . • For fractions, Floating point notation. What is the most popular system for representing integers in today's computers? • Compliments In two's complement notation, what is the leftmost bit of a binary number called? The sign bit