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samenvatting onderzoeksvaardigheden KMO 1e jaar
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SamenvattingOnderzoeksvaardigheden
,Inhoud
1 Kritisch denken....................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Waarom is kritisch denken belangrijk?.........................................................................................4
1.2 Zelf kritisch leren denken..............................................................................................................4
1.3 Kritisch omgaan met bronnen......................................................................................................6
1.3.1 Feiten en meningen onderscheiden......................................................................................8
1.3.2 Omgaan met tegenstrijdige informatie..................................................................................8
2 Kennismaking met onderzoek.............................................................................................................8
2.1 Onderzoeksvormen......................................................................................................................8
2.1.1 Fundamenteel en toegepast onderzoek................................................................................8
2.1.2 Kwalitatief en kwantitatief onderzoek.................................................................................10
2.1.3 Onderzoeksvormen.............................................................................................................10
2.2 Onderzoeksontwerp...................................................................................................................12
2.2.1 Hoe maak je een meetbare onderzoeksvraag?....................................................................12
2.3 Projectmanagement...................................................................................................................14
3 Gegevens verzamelen........................................................................................................................16
3.1 Onderzoeksmethode kiezen.......................................................................................................16
3.2 Literatuuronderzoek...................................................................................................................16
3.3 Steekproef..................................................................................................................................16
3.3.1 Soorten steekproeven.........................................................................................................18
3.3.2 Vertekening van resultaten..................................................................................................19
3.3.3 Steekproefgrootte................................................................................................................20
3.4 Interview.....................................................................................................................................20
3.4.1 Soorten interviews...............................................................................................................22
3.4.2 Fasen in interviewproces.....................................................................................................22
3.5 Enquête......................................................................................................................................23
3.5.1 Soorten enquêtes................................................................................................................23
3.5.2 Vragen en antwoorden........................................................................................................25
3.6 Observatie..................................................................................................................................26
3.6.1 Soorten observatie..............................................................................................................27
3.7 Experiment.................................................................................................................................27
3.7.1 Soorten experimenten.........................................................................................................29
3.7.2 Hoofdtypes experimentele ontwerpen................................................................................29
3.8 Focusgroep.................................................................................................................................29
4 Gegevens verwerken.........................................................................................................................31
, 4.1 Stappen bij verwerken van gegevens.........................................................................................31
5 Tabellen en grafieken........................................................................................................................32
5.1 Soorten grafieken.......................................................................................................................32
5.1.1 Cirkel- of taartdiagram.........................................................................................................32
5.1.2 Kolom- en staafdiagrammen................................................................................................32
5.1.3 Lijndiagrammen...................................................................................................................33
5.1.4 Radardiagram......................................................................................................................33
5.1.5 Spreidingsdiagram...............................................................................................................34
, 1 Kritisch denken
1.1 Waarom is kritisch denken belangrijk?
Enkele belangrijke vaardigheden en bepaalde houding om kritisch te denken:
✔ Kritische vaardigheden
o Betrouwbare info opzoeken
o Bronnen interpreteren en analyseren
o Redeneren en reflecteren
o Bassering standpunt verklaren
o Onderscheiden van waarschijnlijke en minder waarschijnlijke beweringen
o Drogredenen herkennen en vermijden
✔ Kritische houding
o Open geest hebben
o Nieuwsgierig & onderzoekend zijn
o Jezelf in vraag stellen
o Alternatieven afwegen
o Bereidheid om standpunt aan te passen
o Eerlijk & open zijn
1.2 Zelf kritisch leren denken
CRAAP-test:
✔ Currency
o Hoe recent is de informatie?
o Wanneer is de website laatst geüpdatet?
o Is dit actueel genoeg voor onderwerp?
✔ Relevance
o Is info gerelateerd aan onderwerp
o Wie is doelpubliek
o Gewenst niveau
o Raadplegen meerdere bronnen
o Kan deze bron geciteerd wordenzqd
✔ Authority
o Wie is de auteur
o Wie financiert website
o Reputatie auteur
o Vermelding uitgever
✔ Accuracy
o Waar komt info vandaan
o Ondersteuning door bewijs
o Is taalgebruik vrij van subjectiviteit
✔ Purpose
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