Logic 9
Express Terms – Identification (1) 9
By Signature 9
I – THE EFFECT OF SIGNATURE 9
L’Estrange v F Graucob Ltd [1934] 2 KB 394 9
II – EXCEPTIONS TO THE SIGNATURE RULE 10
Curtis v Chemical Cleaning & Dyeing [1951] 1 KB 805 10
Toll (FGCT) v Alphapharm (2004) 219 CLR 165 12
III �...
Contents
LAWS1075
Revision Notes
Logic ....................................................................................................................................................... 9
Express Terms – Identification (1) ...................................................................................................... 9
By Signature ...................................................................................................................................... 9
I – THE EFFECT OF SIGNATURE .......................................................................................... 9
L’Estrange v F Graucob Ltd [1934] 2 KB 394............................................................................ 9
II – EXCEPTIONS TO THE SIGNATURE RULE ................................................................ 10
Curtis v Chemical Cleaning & Dyeing [1951] 1 KB 805 .......................................................... 10
Toll (FGCT) v Alphapharm (2004) 219 CLR 165 .................................................................... 12
III – CRITICISM OF THE RULE ............................................................................................ 14
By Notice .......................................................................................................................................... 14
I – TIMING ................................................................................................................................. 14
Oceanic Sun Line Special Shipping Company v Fay (1988) 165 CLR 197............................... 14
II – KNOWLEDGE/NOTICE ................................................................................................... 17
Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking [1971] 2 QB 163 ..................................................................... 17
III – UNUSUAL TERMS ........................................................................................................... 19
Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (“The Mikhail Lermontov”) (1991) 22 NSWLR 1 ....................... 20
By Course of Dealing ...................................................................................................................... 22
Rinaldi & Patroni v Precision Mouldings (1986) WAR 131 ..................................................... 23
Balmain New Ferry v Robertson (1906) 4 CLR 379................................................................. 24
Express Terms – Identification (2) .................................................................................................... 25
Parol Evidence Rule ........................................................................................................................ 25
I – DETERMINING WHETHER A CONTRACT IS WHOLLY WRITTEN ..................... 25
State Rail Authority of NSW v Heath Outdoor (1986) 7 NSWLR 170 ..................................... 26
II – EXCEPTIONS TO THE PAROL EVIDENCE RULE .................................................... 28
Hoyt’s v Spencer (1919) 27 CLR 133 ....................................................................................... 29
Saleh v Romanous [2010] NSWCA 274 ................................................................................... 30
III – PRE-CONTRACTUAL STATEMENTS ......................................................................... 33
Equuscorp v Glengallan Investments (2004) 218 CLR 271 ...................................................... 34
JJ Savage & Sons v Blakney (1970) 119 CLR 435 ................................................................... 35
Oscar Chess v Williams [1957] 1 WLR 370 ............................................................................. 36
P a g e 1 | 221
,LAWS1075 – Contracts Samuel Lee Revision Notes
Dick Bentley Productions v Harold Smith (Motors) [1965] 2 All ER 65 .................................. 37
P a g e 2 | 221
,LAWS1075 – Contracts Samuel Lee Revision Notes
Express Terms – Construction ........................................................................................................... 38
Principles of Construction .............................................................................................................. 38
Parol Evidence Rule ........................................................................................................................ 39
I – SURROUNDING CIRCUMSTANCES .............................................................................. 39
Western Export Services v Jireh International [2011] HCA 45 ...................................................... 40
Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251 CLR 640........................ 42
Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd [2015] HCA 37 ................................ 43
II – APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES .................................................................................... 45
Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust v South Sydney City Council (2002) 240 CLR 45 ...... 45
Pacific Carriers v BNP Paribas (2004) 218 CLR 451 ...................................................................... 47
Exemption Clauses .......................................................................................................................... 49
III – CONTRA PREFERENTUM ............................................................................................ 50
Darlington Futures v Delco Aust (1986) 161 CLR 500 .................................................................. 50
IV – NEGLIGENCE................................................................................................................... 51
Davis v Pearce Parking Station (1954) 91 CLR 642........................................................................ 51
V – FOUR CORNERS ................................................................................................................ 53
Thomas National Transport (Melbourne) Pty Ltd v May & Baker (Australia) Pty Ltd (1966) 115
CLR 353 .......................................................................................................................................... 54
Implied Terms ..................................................................................................................................... 55
Implied In Fact ................................................................................................................................ 55
Byrne v Australian Airlines; Frew v Australian Airlines (1995) 185 CLR 410 ................................ 57
Codelfa Construction v State Rail Authority of NSW (1982) 149 CLR 337................................... 60
Implied In Law ................................................................................................................................ 62
University of Western Australia v Gray (2009) 179 FCR 346 ........................................................ 63
Implied From Custom..................................................................................................................... 64
Con-Stan Industries of Aust v Norwich Winterthur Ins (Aust) (1986) 160 CLR 226 .................... 65
Australian Consumer Law (ACL) ............................................................................................................ 66
Overview of ACL Provisions ................................................................................................................ 66
INTRODUCTION TO ACL ...................................................................................................... 66
CHAPTER 2 – GENERAL PROTECTIONS .......................................................................... 67
Part 2 – 1: Misleading or Deceptive Conduct (ss 18-19)........................................................ 67
Part 2 – 2: Unconscionable Conduct (ss 20-22) ..................................................................... 67
Part 2 – 3: Unfair contract terms (ss 23-28) ............................................................................... 68
CHAPTER 3 – SPECIFIC PROTECTIONS ........................................................................... 70
Part 3 – 1: Unfair practices (ss 29-38) ......................................................................................... 70
Part 3 – 2: Consumer Transactions (ss 51-68) ....................................................................... 70
P a g e 3 | 221
, LAWS1075 – Contracts Samuel Lee Revision Notes
CHAPTER 5 – ENFORCEMENT AND REMEDIES (ss 218-287) ....................................... 73
Standard Form Contracting ................................................................................................................. 74
I – INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 74
II – COSTS AND BENEFITS OF STANDARD FORM CONTRACTS ............................... 75
III – THE ROLE OF COMPETITION ................................................................................... 76
IV – MARKET FAILURE AND SOCIAL FORCES ............................................................... 77
Frustration ........................................................................................................................................... 78
Introduction to Frustration............................................................................................................. 78
I – THE TEST FOR FRUSTRATION ..................................................................................... 78
II – OTHER TESTS PROVIDED IN EARLIER THEORIES .............................................. 79
Taylor v Caldwell [1863] EWHC QB J1 ......................................................................................... 79
Krell v Henry [1903] 2 KB 740 ....................................................................................................... 81
Brisbane City Council v Group Projects (1979) 145 CLR 143 ....................................................... 82
Limitations and Consequences ...................................................................................................... 86
I – LIMITATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 86
II – CONSEQUENCES.............................................................................................................. 87
Termination ......................................................................................................................................... 87
By Agreement .................................................................................................................................. 87
I – ORIGINAL AGREEMENT ................................................................................................. 87
II – SUBSEQUENT AGREEMENT ........................................................................................ 88
By Failure of Contingent Condition............................................................................................... 89
I – FOUR CATEGORIES OF CC ............................................................................................. 90
II – THE DUTY TO CO-OPERATE........................................................................................ 91
III – CONSEQUENCES OF NON-FULFILMENT .............................................................. 93
IV – RESTICTIONS ON RIGHT TO TERMINATE FOR NON-FULFILMENT OF
CONDITION ........................................................................................................................ 97
By Breach ......................................................................................................................................... 98
I – WHAT CONSTITUTES BREACH OF CONTRACT? ..................................................... 98
II – TERMINATION FOR BREACH OF A CONDITION .................................................. 98
Tramways Advertising v Luna Park (1938) 61 CLR 286 .............................................................. 100
Associated Newspapers v Bancks (1951) 83 CLR 322 ................................................................. 103
III – TERMINATION FOR BREACH OF AN INTERMEDIATE TERM ...................... 105
Hongkong Fir Shipping Co v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha [1962] 2 QB 26 ....................................... 105
Ankar v National Westminster Finance (Aust) (1987) 162 CLR 549 ........................................... 107
Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v Sanpine (2007) 233 CLR 115 ............................ 108
By Repudiation .............................................................................................................................. 110
P a g e 4 | 221
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller FLOYYD. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
