PANCE Practice Questions rated A+ already passed

PANCE Practice Questions rated A+ already passedD. ALS A 58 year-old male presents complaining of weakness of his grip. Your examination reveals that the problem is bilateral. During the next few office visits, you note the development of hyperactivity of his DTRs, extensor plantar reflexes and dysarthria. The patient's sensory system remains normal and he denies any urinary symptomatology. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. multiple sclerosis B. Alzheimer's disease C. Huntington's chorea D. ALS E. myasthenia gravis C. inadequate dietary protein Low dietary Calcium, not protein, is a risk factor for osteoporosis. All of the others are risk factors. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis? A. low testosterone levels in men B. low levels of physical activity C. inadequate dietary protein D. cigarette smoking E. chronic corticosteroid use B. metoprolol Of these Beta-blockers (which are usually AVOIDED) in reactive airway disease - metoprolol is the most "cardioselective", so theoretically could be used....although, on an exam, I would avoid beta-blockers in general. Question 1 CORRECT A patient presents complaining of severe pain and "burning" in an extremity. You note that the extremity is pale and cool to the touch. You cannot appreciate a palpable pulsation. Which of the following diagnostic modalities will identify the source of this patient's problem in approximately 95% of cases? A chest x-ray B echocardiogram aortic angiogram D abdominal flat plate E aortic ultrasound Question 1 Explanation: Angiogram is the "gold standard" for occlusion of an arterial vessel. Question 2 CORRECT A 31 year-old pharmacist complaining of rectal pain. He describes the pain as "a severe tightness that awakens him from sleep." His bowel activity is normal. He denies rectal bleeding and seepage. He adds that sleep interruption is problematic, because with the number of hours he works, every minute of sleep is important. What is the most likely diagnosis? A anal abseess B perianal fistula proctalgia fugax D ulcerative colitis E internal hemorrhoids. Question 2 Explanation: proctalgia (rectal pain) fugax (comes and goes) is the best description. Abscess would be constant, fistula would drain, UC would cause bloody mucousy diarrhea, hemorrhoids would cause no pain, but bleeding. Question 3 CORRECT A 38 year-old chronic smoker presents with shortness of breath and wheezing. He has had several similar episodes in the past. He states that each previous episode began after developing a "cold that moved into his chest." Usually, after treatment with albuterol (VENTOLIN) and several days, the wheezing stops. He adds that he has a chronic cough, productive of mucous, most mornings during the past several years. Which of the following best describes this patient's condition? A chronic emphysema B chronic bronchitis chronic bronchitis with hypersensitive airways (asthmatic bronchitis) D cor pulmonale E bronchiectasis Question 3 Explanation: This is the best descriptor. Question 4 CORRECT A patient is being treated for Tuberculosis. She is experiencing central scotomata, a loss of green-red color perception and decreased visual acuity. Which agent is most likely responsible? A rifampin B isoniazid C streptomycin ethambutol E para-aminosalicylic acid Question 4 Explanation: Ethambutol is the TB drug that causes "E"ye symptoms. I remember it because it begins with an E. Question 5 CORRECT Secondary to a traumatic event, a child complains of pain in the index finger. An x-ray of the digit demonstrates a fracture line through the metaphysis of the proximal aspect of the middle phalanx, ending at the epiphyseal plate. What type of fracture does this child have? A Salter Harris Type I Salter Harris Type II C Salter Harris Type III D Salter Harris Type IV E Salter Harris Type V Question 5 Explanation: Salter I = slight increase in Space between epiphyseal plate and metaphysis Salter II = fx Above the plate (in the metaphysis) Salter III = fx Lower (in the epiphyseal plate) Salter IV = fit Through (both the metaphysic and epiphysis) Salter V = Really bad (comminuted fx compressing the epiphysis) This spells SALTR and may help you remember. _orig About Jorge Muniz PA-C (Creator of Medcomic) Question 6 CORRECT A 24 year-old male presents complaining of chest pain. He states that it is worse with swallowing and taking a deep breath. It is improved by sitting up and leaning forward. He denies trauma, a cough and shortness of breath. Which of the following tests would be most compatible with your suspected diagnosis? A a hiatal hernia visualized on chest x-ray B a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate C calcified "popcorn" lesions in the lung fields bilaterally diffuse ST segment elevation on his electrocardiograph E a widened A-a gradient on his arterial blood gas Question 6 Explanation: This is pericarditis (by clinical presentation) which causes diffuse ST segment elevation on ECG (there can be notching of the R wave as well) Question 7 CORRECT A 2 month-old febrile male is brought to your facility to be evaluated for loss of appetite, irritability, and an acute petechial rash. Rectal temperature is 102.8F. Which of the following diagnostic studies is the most important in this child's evaluation? A white blood cell count and differential B urinalysis CSF analysis D serum glucose E chest X-ray (CXR) Question 7 Explanation: Any infant (neonate) with fever and rash should have a lumbar puncture (LP). While I would certainly do a CBC, even if it was normal, I would want the LP. Question 8 CORRECT Your 27 year-old sister is visiting and requests you to provide refills of dexamethasone and homatropine ophthalmic drops for her. What condition is most likely being treated? A conjunctivitis B glaucoma iritis D Herpes keratitis E blepharitis Question 8 Explanation: Iritis is treated with steroid drops (dexamethasone) and miotic drops *homatropine, like atropine (to constrict and fix the pupil to help the pain and open the angle until the iritis is resolved) Question 9 PARTIAL-CREDIT A 58 year-old male presents complaining of weakness of his grip. Your examination reveals that the problem is bilateral. During the next few office visits, you note the development of hyperactivity of his DTRs, extensor plantar reflexes and dysarthria. The patient's sensory system remains normal and he denies any urinary symptomatology. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A multiple sclerosis B Alzheimer's disease Huntington's choreaHint: Huntington's causes a movement disorder with writhing choreiform movements of the body amyotrophic lateral sclerosis E myasthenia gravisHint: Myasthenia causes fatigue of the ocular muscles typically worsening at the end of the day. Question 9 Explanation: ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease) is a progressive bilateral muscle disease which causes fasciculations (lower motor neuron), and hyper-reflexia, plantar reflexes (upper motor neuron) and dysarthria. Sensation is normal as is bladder function. MS may have dysarthria, but reflexes are normal, sensation is impaired and bladder function is frequently affected. Alzheimer's has normal neuro exam with cognitive disability. Huntington's causes a movement disorder with writhing choreiform movements of the body. Myasthenia causes fatigue of the ocular muscles typically worsening at the end of the day. Question 10 CORRECT Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of multiple myeloma? A elevated serum calcium B osteoporosis C "punched out" osseous lesions D plasma cell infiltration of bone marrow hypogammaglobulinemia Question 10 Explanation: MM is a HYPERgammaglobulinemia - all of the other findings occur in MM. Question 11 PARTIAL-CREDIT Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis? low testosterone levels in men low levels of physical activity inadequate dietary protein cigarette smoking E chronic corticosteroid use Question 11 Explanation: Low dietary Calcium, not protein, is a risk factor for osteoporosis. All of the others are risk factors. Question 12 A 12 year-old male presents complaining of no appetite for 24 hours and pain near his navel. During the night, the pain moved to the right lower abdomen. He is now nauseated and vomiting and has a low-grade fever. In the operating room, a normal appendix is discovered. What is the most likely diagnosis? A mesenteric ischemia B diverticulitis C mesenteric adenitis D cholecystitis E proctitis Question 13 A patient that must be on a beta-blocking agent has reactive airway disease and commonly experiences central nervous system side effects from medications. Which of the following beta-blockers would most likely be tolerated by this patient? A. atenolol B. metoprolol C. nadfilol D. propranolol E. pindolol E. hypogammaglobulinemia MM is a HYPERgammaglobulinemia - all of the other findings occur in MM Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of multiple myeloma? A. elevated serum calcium B. osteoporosis C. "punched out" osseous lesions D. plasma cell infiltration of bone marrow E. hypogammaglobulinemia (C) Asymptomatic aneurysm 5.5 cm A 65-year-old female on her routine examina- tion was noted to have a pulsatile abdominal mass. She has been otherwise healthy with history of hypertension with no other history, except family history of father dying of rup-tured AAA. What are the acceptable reasons to operate on abdominal aortic aneurysms in 65-year-old female with 5-cm infrarenal aneurysm? (A) Presence of aneurysm (B) Aneurysm with intramural thrombus (C) Asymptomatic aneurysm 5.5 cm (D) Associated 2-cm iliac aneurysm (E) Patient with splenic artery aneurysm 1.5 cm