NLN PAX SCIENCE 2023 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION

NLN PAX SCIENCE 2023 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION Autotrophs - ANSWER organisms that produce their own food from inorganic substances (plants) Heterotrophs - ANSWER obtain their food from consuming other plants and animals primary consumers - ANSWER omnivores and herbivores secondary consumers - ANSWER carnivores tertiary consumers - ANSWER carnivores that eat other carnivores decomposers - ANSWER bacteria and fungi biotic - ANSWER living parts of the ecosystem abiotic - ANSWER nonliving influences (temperature, humidity, soil) photosynthesis - ANSWER carbon dioxide + water + light energy - carbohydrates + oxygen angiosperms - ANSWER responsible for reproduction structure of a flower - ANSWER segregation - ANSWER codominance - ANSWER when traits do not show a pattern of dominance and there are a mixture of two traits how many chromosomes do humans have? - ANSWER 46 chromosomes what are nucleotides composed of? - ANSWER phosphate, deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base How does RNA differ from DNA? - ANSWER it is single stranded, has the sugar ribose in place of deoxyribose, and replaces thymine with uracil what are the common stains used on specimens? - ANSWER lugol's solution, methylene blue, and wright's stain independent variable (x- axis) - ANSWER changed by the experimenter what enzyme is found in saliva? - ANSWER amylase amylase - ANSWER breaks down starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules what is gastric juice made up of? - ANSWER hydrochloric acid and proteases what is the pH of the stomach? - ANSWER 2 where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur in the body? - ANSWER small intestine what enzymes help carbohydrates turn into glucose? - ANSWER amylase, sucrase, and maltase what are the 4 chambers of the heart? - ANSWER left and right atrium and left and right ventricles what is the first step in blood flow through the heart? - ANSWER blood enters the right atrium from the veins called superior vena cava and inferior vena cava what is the purpose of valves in the heart? - ANSWER to prevent back flow when the ventricles contract what is the last step in blood flow through the heart? - ANSWER the aorta