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Summary hoorcolleges Cultural Diversity 2022/2023
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hear lectures | Cultural Diversity 2022/2023
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Hoorcolleges cultural diversityHoorcollege 1
Superdiversity in the Netherlands
- 26% of population of foreign origin. Almost 90% of the population growth result of
international migration
- 3 largwst cities 50%
- Outside Europe: turkey, morocco, Surinam, Indonesia, dutch Caribbean
- New EU-countries: cyprus, Estonia, hungary, lithunia, malta, Poland, Slovenia,
tsjechie, croatie, Bulgaria
- labour and education
- family migration
- Refugees
Other types of diversity
- Rural vs urban
- Religious vs non-religious
- Family composition
- single parent, nuclear, extended-family
- hetero vs homo
Diversiteit: verschillen in kinderen, maar ook over wat ouders vinden wat belangrijk is. Je kan
ook niet meer een minderheid zeggen, want er zijn zoveel combinaties van diversiteit.
The weirdest people in the world?
- Most behavioral science is based on a WEIRD sample
- Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic
- Assumption of generalisation to humanity… possibly outliers?
- What is universal and what is culturally specific?
What is culture (velez-agosto et al. 2017)
Bronfenbrenner’s ecological perspective:
• Child is in the centra, surrounded by systems. The circles are widening.
• Individual and cultural processes as separate entities
• Culture as the ‘macro layer’. Individual en cultuur worden gezien als seperate
entities. Dus cultuur staat los van het individu.
Ze verwijzen naar: Vygotksy & Weisner
• Culture as system in which every human activity is realized and eventually
internalized: dus het is geen outside layer, maar we zijn allemaal deel ervan en hoe
we ons gedragen is gerelateerd aan cultuur.
• Transactional (bidirectioneel) and contextual (context is belangrijk)
• Zien cultuur als internalization process: wij als mensen ervaren cultuur als iets buiten
ons, maar we leren dat internaliseren.
, New model:
• Culture as everchanging system (dynamisch) consisting of practices of social
communities and the interpretation of these practices through language
• Culture as inherently part of all settings (proximal and distal)
• Importance of daily, cultural practices voor de manier waarop kinderen profiteren
van hun kansen
What is culture (Rogoff, dahl & Callanan, 2018)
• Lijkt redelijk op valez-agosto, maar dit maakt cultuur nog explicieter.
• Culture involves the ways of life (niet alleen gedrag), including their ways of thinking
and orienting, of generations of people in communities that are shared among
members of the community and in which individuals engage and which individuals
contribute to maintaining and modifying.
• Culture is shaped by individuals and vice versa culture shapes individuals’ lives
Cultuur is iets waarin ze betrokken zijn, maar ook wat ze vormen (dus echt
transactioneel en birectioneel)
• Studying the lives experiences of children
Individualistic and relational cultural orientations
• Individualistic orientation
• Individual development, independence, and autonomy
• Relational orientation
• Relations with others, interdependence loyalty
• But, major risk of oversimplification
• Also, influence of migration, globalisation, and social media
Parenting orientations
Individualistic orientation Relational (collectivistic) orientation
Authority role Achieved, egalitarian Ascribed, hierarchial
Relationships Competitive Cooperative
Communication Direct, verbal, face-to-face, independent of context Indirect, non-verbal (facial and body language) dependent on context
Displays of emotion Open with all others or just with intimate others Outward (facial or body) or inward (personal distance)
Discipline/guidance Learn by doing, instruction & reasoning, sense of Obedience, imitation, sense of obligation
independence
Skills emphasis Decision making, individual achievement, self- Sharing, helping, interaction with other people, group loyalty
expression, personal choice & responsibility
Main theoretical framework: developmental niche
• In de 3 systemen groeien kinderen op, leren ze
• Combining insights from developmental psychology and anthropology
,• Omdat het een systeem is, zijn ze gerelateerd. We proberen altijd homeostasis te
bereiken (= stabiliteit). Dus stel je verandert wat in 1 systeem, verandert dat ook
gelijk in de andere 2 systemen.
• Three components of a system aimed at homeostasis; change in one of the
components affects the others as well
1. Physical and social settings
- Physical aspects of the setting
Housing arrangements (bv. Of je wel of geen tuin hebt)
Family structure (welke familiemembers, de relaties vallen onder social
aspects. Denk bij family structure meer aan 1 of 2 ouders etc.)
Available materials and toys
Neighbourhood (danger)
- Social aspects
Relations with family-members (adults & children), significant others
Parental roles
2. Customs and practices (gaat om what do parents do, dus actual behaviors)
- Sleeping arrangements
- Social traditions
, 3. Parental ethnotheories: gaat meer om waarom die praktijken
- Parental beliefs (‘metaphor’) about children and processes of development and
education
- Beliefs about milestones or ‘developmental timetables’ ((bv. Wanneer is het gepast
voor kinderen te leren praten)
- Socialisation goals, cultural values
- Beliefs on effective parenting
“waarom wel of niet voorlezen”
“waarom met veel mensen thuis wonen”
“waarom bepaalde bedtijd”
‘wat vind je van een doorverwijzing”
Lecture 2 – identity
The three R;s of dutch culture ‘rust, reinheid en regelmaat’
Examples developmental niche
Dutch vs American culture-sleeping
Beliefs and practices of Dutch and American parents.
Fysieke settingen zijn hetzelfde
Dutch infants slept on average 2hrs more per day than American infants at age 6
months
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