The summary of class notes + textbook for the human anatomy. In-depth description of the bones, muscles, fascias, and organs of the body with related clinical cases of the musculoskeletal system
Embryonic position and rotation
The thumb and the big toe point towards the head end
Little finger and little toe point towards the tail end
If we consider the axis (centre line) of the limbs:
Limbs have preaxial (cranial) and postaxial (caudal) borders
Thumb and great toe are preaxial
Little finger and little tow are postaxial
Muscles Groups
Limbs muscles are also organised
Limbs retain embryonic orientation
Shoulder and Embryonic Limbs Intro 1
, Dorsal and ventral surfaces
Musle groups: Dorsal + ventral
Dorsal muslces: extensors and abductors
Ventral: flexsors and adductors
Limb Plan:
Common plan:
Anchoring to the trunk: Girdle
Proximal segment: Arm/thigh: one bone
Distal segment: Forearm/leg: two bones
Wrist/ankle region: small bones
Hand, foot
Upper limb:
Used to reach out, grasp and handle things
High mobility
Lower limbL Support and locomotion:
Less mobile, more stable
Synovial Joint
Two or more bones
Movable surfaces, articular surfaces
Covered by hyaline cartilage
Fibrous capsule: collar of sense fibrous tissue
Lined by synovial membrane
Capsule strengthened further by ligaments where necessary
Bursae: sacs of synovial membrane outside a joint
Reduce friction between joint and nearby structures.
May communicate with joint cavity
Shoulder and Embryonic Limbs Intro 2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller anhcnguyn. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
