PCT DAVITA STUDY QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

PCT DAVITA STUDY QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS What are the 4 transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis? - CORRECT ANSWER Ultrafiltration, Convection, Diffusion, Osmosis What is Ultrafiltration? - CORRECT ANSWER fluid pushed through semipermeable membrane What is Convection? - CORRECT ANSWER solute drags across semipermeable membrane along w/ fluid What is Diffusion? - CORRECT ANSWER particles move from area of high concentration to area of lower concentration What is Osmosis? - CORRECT ANSWER fluid moves from an area of low concentration to high What are the kidney's excretory functions? - CORRECT ANSWER to normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid, and balance nutrients How do we replace normal excretory kidney functions? - CORRECT ANSWER by normalizing electrolytes and providing fluid balance through ultrafiltration What is the function of the acid concentrate? - CORRECT ANSWER provides the concentration gradient for diffusion What is the function of bicarbonate in the dialysate solution? - CORRECT ANSWER buffers acid concentration What is the function of bicarbonate when it diffuses into the patient's blood? - CORRECT ANSWER normalize body pH Signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER Sign: 6.5 mEq Symptoms: extreme muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, and possible cardiac arrest Signs and symptoms of Hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER Sign: 3.5 mEq Symptoms: fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest What are the kidneys' endocrine functions? - CORRECT ANSWER renin secretion, erythropoietin secretion, and vitamin D activation How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions? - CORRECT ANSWER provide medications How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis? - CORRECT ANSWER 15% What is uremia and what does it affect? - CORRECT ANSWER the buildup of wastes in blood due to kidney failure and it affects all body parts What are the most common causes for CKD in the USA? - CORRECT ANSWER diabetes, htn, and polycystic kidney disease Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD - CORRECT ANSWER slowing the progression of CKD, managing comorbidities and complications, controlling symptoms, minimizing effects of CKD on patient's lifestyles; kidney replacement therapy modality education, encouraging pts to actively participate in their healthcare Why is it important to know what caused a pt's CKD? - CORRECT ANSWER so the nurse and pct can inquire about possible problems during data collection Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance - CORRECT ANSWER HTN, edema, sob Why is sodium balance important? - CORRECT ANSWER leads to volume expansion, increased CO, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and increased bp The 4 transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis - CORRECT ANSWER ultrafiltration, convection, diffusion, osmosis