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Test Bank - Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology, 8th Edition (Bledsoe, 2018), Chapter 1-17 | All Chapters
Test Bank - Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology, 8th Edition (Bledsoe, 2018), Chapter 1-17 | All Chapters
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TEST BANKPrehospital Emergency Pharmacology
Bryan Bledsoe, & Dwayne Clayden
8th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1 General Information 1
Chapter 2 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 10
Chapter 3 Administration of Medications 17
Chapter 4 Medication Dosage Calculations 24
Chapter 5 Fluids, Electrolytes, and Intravenous Therapy 33
Chapter 6 The Autonomic Nervous System 40
Chapter 7 Medications Used in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Emergencies 45
Chapter 8 Medications Used in the Treatment of Respiratory Emergencies 56
Chapter 9 Medications Used in the Treatment of Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis 63
Chapter 10 Medications Used in the Treatment of Metabolic–Endocrine Emergencies 69
Chapter 11 Medications Used in the Treatment of Neurological Emergencies 75
Chapter 12 Medications Used in the Treatment of Obstetrical 80
Chapter 13 Medications Used in Toxicological Emergencies 85
Chapter 14 Medications Used in the Treatment of Behavioral Emergencies 92
Chapter 15 Medications Used in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Emergencies 98
Chapter 16 Sedation and Pain Management 103
Chapter 17 Weapons of Mass Destruction 111
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Test Bank - Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology, 8th Edition (Bledsoe, 2018)
Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology, 8e (Bledsoe/Clayden)
Chapter 1 General Information
1) The study of natural drug sources that has been expanded to include chemicals developed and
used in laboratory research most correctly describes:
A) Pharmacology.
B) Pharmacodynamics.
C) Pharmacognosy.
D) Pharmacokinetics.
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their actions on the body.
B) Pharmacodynamics refers to the mechanisms by which medications produce biochemical or
physiological changes in the body.
C) Study of natural drug sources that has been expanded to include chemicals developed and
used in lab research.
D) The study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of action and eventually
become eliminated.
Page Ref: 2
2) Atropine is a powerful organic alkaloid that reacts with acid to form a salt that is readily
soluble in body fluids. From which of the following sources is atropine derived?
A) Plant
B) Animal
C) Mineral
D) Synthetic
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Atropine is developed from the plant Atropa belladonna.
B) Animal sources are extracted from the body fluids of animals.
C) Mineral sources provide inorganic material not available from plants or animals.
D) Synthetic sources are created in the lab using processes such as recombinant DNA. They may
be used in combination with natural sources.
Page Ref: 3
3) Examples of synthetically produced medications include:
A) Diazepam, fentanyl, and adenosine.
B) Pepsin, pancreatin, and oxytocin.
C) Atropine, morphine, and digitalis.
D) Magnesium, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium chloride.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Diazepam, fentanyl, and adenosine are all produced synthetically.
B) Pepsin, pancreatin, and oxytocin are derived from animal sources.
C) Atropine, morphine, and digitalis are identified as plant sources.
D) Magnesium, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium chloride are identified as mineral sources of
drugs.
Page Ref: 3
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Test Bank - Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology, 8th Edition (Bledsoe, 2018)
4) In order to obtain the MOST current information related to a medication, it is suggested that
the prehospital provider:
A) Use only local protocol as your source.
B) Use multiple sources and compare information in conjunction with medical direction.
C) Rely on an EMS guide as the sole source of information.
D) Utilize the internet as a resource because it is most correct.
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Local protocols may not encompass the many medications currently available.
B) Using multiple sources as well as comparing information will provide the provider with the
most current information. Medical direction is also imperative.
C) While EMS guides may provide some information, they may not include all relevant
information.
D) Internet sources are sometimes difficult to determine validity of information present and
should be verified.
Page Ref: 4, 5
5) A tool that may be readily available and carried by the prehospital provider for field use when
seeking information regarding an unknown medication is:
A) United States Pharmacopeia.
B) Physicians' Desk Reference.
C) Drug information/hospital formulary.
D) Smart phone.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The United States Pharmacopeia contains all current drugs, but is not readily
available.
B) The Physicians' Desk Reference, while useful, is not typically readily available or practical at
the scene of an emergency.
C) The drug information/hospital formulary is generally not used in the prehospital setting.
D) Specific applications are available for most smart phones that contain readily available
information related to both prescribed and non-prescription medications.
Page Ref: 5
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Test Bank - Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology, 8th Edition (Bledsoe, 2018)
6) The phase of drug testing that includes determining toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and
determining a drug's "therapeutic index" occurs during:
A) Postmarketing surveillance.
B) New drug application.
C) Clinical research and development.
D) Preclinical testing, research, and development.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Postmarketing surveillance occurs during phase four of testing. A new drug's
therapeutic index must already be determined.
B) An investigational new drug may be applied for once the therapeutic index has been
determined prior to the phase 1 of human drug testing.
C) Clinical research and development begins after the therapeutic index has been determined.
D) Preclinical testing, research, and development occurs prior to human testing and is concerned
with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a new drug in order to discover its
therapeutic index.
Page Ref: 6
7) The term "therapeutic index" refers to:
A) Ratio of a drug's lethal dose to its effective dose.
B) Amount of drug required to cause a side effect.
C) Pharmacokinetics of a drug.
D) Efficacy of a drug.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) The ratio of a drug's lethal dose to its effective dose determines the therapeutic
index.
B) Side effects are the undesired effects of a medication.
C) Pharmacokinetics refers to the drug's movement from introduction into the system until
system elimination.
D) Efficacy refers to how well the drug works in terms of treatment effect.
Page Ref: 6
8) Which of the following statements regarding the use of abbreviations in pharmacology is
TRUE?
A) Abbreviations vary depending upon the drug manufacture.
B) The abbreviation "mg" always will refer to the mineral, magnesium.
C) The USP in the only recognized source for determining abbreviations.
D) Abbreviations in pharmacology should be used carefully to avoid confusion and should be
agreed upon in local systems.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Abbreviations should be used with caution as they can lead to confusion. A
standardized system is in place that makes charting and documentation more clear and concise.
B) Most sources recognize the abbreviation "mg" to indicate the unit of measure "milligram."
Magnesium is an element with the designation of Mg.
C) The USP contains the formulary used in the United States.
D) Medical abbreviations should be used carefully to avoid confusion and should be agreed upon
in local systems.
Page Ref: 7
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Test Bank - Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology, 8th Edition (Bledsoe, 2018)
9) Following the designation of a new drug as an "investigational new drug," there are ________
phases of testing on humans.
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
Answer: D
Explanation: A) There are three other phases of drug testing.
B) There are two other phases of drug testing.
C) There is another phase of drug testing.
D) There are four phases of drug testing that occur following the designation of a drug as an
"investigational new drug."
Page Ref: 9
10) The phase of drug testing that determines the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safe dose in
humans is:
A) Phase one.
B) Phase two.
C) Phase three.
D) Phase four.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) The primary purpose of phase one testing is to determine the pharmacokinetics,
toxicity, and safe dose in humans.
B) The primary purpose of phase two testing is to find the therapeutic medication level and
watch carefully for toxic and side effects.
C) The primary purpose of phase three testing is to refine the usual therapeutic dose and to
collect relevant data on side effects.
D) The primary purpose of phase four testing involves postmarketing analysis during conditional
approval.
Page Ref: 9
11) An example of a drug that may receive expedited medical approval would be:
A) A drug used to treat a rare disease that affects less than 200,000 people.
B) A placebo that is administered to provide psychological control of responses.
C) A drug that may help prevent a public health threat such as HIV.
D) A drug that is being evaluated in order to determine the therapeutic index.
Answer: C
Explanation: A) This Answer describes the definition of an orphan drug.
B) A placebo is used in testing and does not require expedited medical approval.
C) Expedited approval may be granted when a drug may be of use in treating a public health
threat such as HIV.
D) The therapeutic index is obtained during preclinical phase of drug testing and does not require
expedited approval.
Page Ref: 10
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Test Bank - Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology, 8th Edition (Bledsoe, 2018)
12) A drug in which potential tax credits or grants may provide incentives to assist in the
research and development for a condition that affects a very small portion of the general
population is known as a/an ________.
A) Orphan drug
B) Expedited drug
C) Investigational new drug
D) Phase 1 drug
Answer: A
Explanation: A) A company may receive incentives to encourage research and development of a
drug that is meant for a small percentage of the general population.
B) An expedited drug is a drug that moves quickly through the normal phases of human testing
when that drug may help in the prevention of a public health crisis.
C) A drug gains the status of investigational new drug when it has completed its preclinical
testing phase and is ready for human testing.
D) Phase one refers to a drug testing and approval phase.
Page Ref: 10
13) The FDA may require the manufacture of a drug to post a prominent "black box" warning
when:
A) The drug receives IND status (Investigational new drug).
B) Following phase one human testing.
C) Unlabeled uses of the drug occur.
D) A problem may arise that may lead to death or severe injury if the medication is used.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) A drug gains the status of investigational new drug when it has completed its
preclinical testing phase and is ready for human testing.
B) The primary purpose of phase one testing is to determine the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and
safe dose in humans.
C) Unlabeled uses of a drug may occur when a physician or group of peers determines that a
drug that has indications for one disorder inadvertently is beneficial for another disorder that it
was not given an indication for during the human testing phases.
D) The FDA requires a prominent "black box" warning when the use of a prescribed drug may
lead to death or injury as a result of its use.
Page Ref: 11
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Test Bank - Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology, 8th Edition (Bledsoe, 2018)
14) A physician has prescribed a drug normally used for hypertension to treat recurrent episodes
of angina based on recommendations of colleagues and the most recent medical journals. Which
of the following describes his actions?
A) The physician may do so legally based on the unlabeled use of medications.
B) The physician may do so legally if the uses are posted in the PDR.
C) The physician may do so legally if the uses are approved by the manufacturer of the drug.
D) It is illegal for the physician to prescribe a drug for anything other than the manufacturers
intended, stated use as registered with the USP.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) A physician may utilize a medication for something other than its intended use
if colleagues, or current medical journals, agree.
B) The PDR will only contain the manufactures approved indications.
C) The manufacture can only recommend a drug for its specific indications that are determined
during human drug testing.
D) A physician may utilize a medication for something other than its intended use if colleagues,
or current medical journals, agree.
Page Ref: 11
15) The use of standing orders and treatment protocols are BEST described as:
A) The emergency care provider following the orders and advise of an on-scene physician.
B) The administration of morphine following on-line medical consultation.
C) The independent authority granted to prehospital care providers a consequence of the
Controlled Substance Act.
D) Treatments that are rendered to treat specific presenting signs and symptoms prior to
contacting medical direction.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This describes face-to-face transfer of orders from physician to paramedic.
B) This describes the function of on-line medical direction.
C) No such authority exists. The CSA regulated and controlled narcotics and other dangerous
drugs by classifying them.
D) Treatments of specific presenting signs and symptoms may be treated when standing orders
and protocols are in place and under the direction of off-line medical direction.
Page Ref: 13
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Test Bank - Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology, 8th Edition (Bledsoe, 2018)
16) The ________ included the truth in labeling clause which would require manufacturers to
post a statement accurately describing a package's content.
A) Controlled Substance Act
B) Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
C) Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
D) Kefauver-Harris Amendment
Answer: B
Explanation: A) The Controlled Substance Act helped regulate and control narcotics and other
dangerous substances by providing classifications related to the medications use.
B) The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act required a statement that accurately described a
package's content.
C) Established the FDA and prohibited the sale of medicinal preparations that had little or no use
and restricted the sale of drugs with a potential of abuse. It was not as all-encompassing as its
originators envisioned.
D) The Kefauer-Harris Amendment was an amendment to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act that required pharmaceutical manufacturers to provide proof of the safety and effectiveness
of their drugs.
Page Ref: 13
17) Which of the following is TRUE of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control
Act of 1970?
A) It required labeling of all medications.
B) It required that manufactures provide proof of safety and effectiveness prior to production.
C) Controlled import, manufacture, and sale of the opium plant and derivatives.
D) Provided classifications of drugs into five different categories or "schedules."
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Labeling of medications was required by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act.
B) The Kefauer-Harris Amendment was an addition to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act.
C) The Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914 regulated the importation, manufacture, and sale of the
opium and its derivatives.
D) The Controlled Substances Act of 1970, or the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and
Control Act of 1970 classifies drugs used in medicine into five different categories, or schedules.
Page Ref: 14
18) Which of the following would be listed as a Schedule I drug?
A) Heroin
B) Hydromorphone
C) Codeine
D) Tramadol
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Heroin has no medical use and is scheduled as a Schedule I drug.
B) Hydromorphone is a Schedule II drug.
C) Codeine is a Schedule III drug.
D) Tramadol is a Schedule IV drug.
Page Ref: 15
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Test Bank - Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology, 8th Edition (Bledsoe, 2018)
19) Careful management of narcotic medications carried on emergency service vehicles includes:
A) Eliminating standing orders and protocols when using narcotics.
B) Only using Schedule IV narcotics if necessary.
C) Ensuring that the medications are stored in a substantial safe or cabinet or have a tamperproof
seal.
D) Allowing Schedule I drug if an unlabeled medication use exists according to current
literature.
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Standing orders may be necessary in circumstances where on-line medical
direction is not available.
B) Schedule IV narcotics generally do not have application to prehospital care.
C) All narcotics should be stored in a substantial safe or cabinet or have a tamperproof seal if
necessary to remove from unit.
D) Schedule I narcotics have no acceptable use in prehospital care and often are illegal.
Page Ref: 15
20) A term that refers to the amount of drug that is absorbed and reaches the general circulation
is:
A) Purity.
B) Potency.
C) Efficacy.
D) Bioavailability.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Purity refers to the uncontaminated amount of the drug containing only one
active component.
B) Potency refers to a drugs strength or power to produce the desired effect.
C) Efficacy refers to how well the drug works in terms of treatment effect.
D) Bioavailability is the degree to which a drug becomes absorbed and reaches general
circulation.
Page Ref: 17
21) While checking the medications in your unit's drug box, you identify the medication,
"meperidine hydrochloride, USP." You recognize this as the drug's:
A) Chemical name.
B) Official name.
C) Trade name.
D) Generic name.
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Chemical name precisely describes the medications atomic and molecular
structure.
B) The official name of a drug is followed by the letters USP indicating that it is in the official
formulary of the United States.
C) A trade name of a drug is the name a manufacturer gives a drug and is registered.
D) The generic name, while similar to the official name does not have USP following it.
Page Ref: 18
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