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Summary OCR History Y221 Germany exam question plans
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Which of the following had a greater influence on the recovery of Weimar Germany 1924-29. The leadership of Stresemann or theactions of the USA?
Stresemann leadership Actions of USA
● Called off passive resistance which was bankrupting ● Dawes Plan 1924- offered £800 million loan to Germany and
Germany- reduced tension with neighbouring borders and reduced reparation payments to smaller feasible amounts
allowed employment opportunities ● Decreased threat from other governments and meant
● Reformed currency, scrapped worthless money and replaced germany had less revenue, taxes and customs to pay
with temporary Rentenmark and eventually introduced ● Alleviated poverty and allowed firms to recover, kickstarting
Reichsmark German economy
● Considerable influence- stabilised currency and eradicated ● This ALLOWED STRESEMANN to be able to call of passive
hyperinflation, reducing starvation and unemployment and resistance- relative importance
allowing monetary stability ● Loan did limit recovery- making revival of economy dependent
● Allowed families to feel stable and secure on foreign money, not self sufficient and in precarious position
● 1925 signed Locarno treaties- ensured peace between ● Young plan 1929 further reduced payment to 2000 million
western allies and eventually allowed trade- boosted marks to be paid yearly until 1988
prosperity and placed in international security ● Negotiated by Stresemann, limiting influence
● Consequently allowed League of nations 1926- reversed ● Further lightening of payment was preventative measure
terms of Versailles eg reparations bills attempting to reduce chances of Germany facing economic
● Germany seen as higher European power, boosting their ego ruin meaning it did enable recovery
and enabling further recovery ● Significant impact- kickstarter economic revival and reduced
● Influence limited- nationalists attacked Stresemann for joining, burden of reparations
seemed like an acceptance of Versailles
● War guilt clause still undermined Weimar
● Wise skills and negotiations did enable recovery eg allowing
employment to increase and reaching monetary stability and
reducing european tensions
,How successful was Nazi economic policy in the years 1933-1939?
Autarky Unemployment Rearmament
● Aimed to make Germany a self ● Aimed to reduce unemployment- ● Primary aim to rearm Germany to go
sufficient nation- independent in war reached 6 million by 1933 to war and be glorious
● Appointed Schacht as minister of ● Young Plan- introduced work creation ● New Plan enabled economy to
Economy- New Plan 1934- aimed to projects eg labour service, increasing stabilise from 1934-1936 due to
achieve autarky the production of autobahns and reduction in unemployment allowing
● Tried to limit foreign imports- strict cities, introducing conscription in army Hitler to rearm
trade agreements for raw materials in and removing jews/political opponents ● New Plan introduced conscription-
return for German goods eg Veg oil, from work force built an army of 1 million
butter, and fodder products with ● Enabled more job opportunities- 1937 ● Schacht soon realised economy's
Hungary in 1934 unemployment reduced to 1 million success was dependent heavily upon
● Shows dependence on foreign ● Economy was able to reduce foreign money- for recovery to be
imports- unsuccessful unemployment benefits, more people economically viable/successful
● Goering was president of Reichsbank employed giving sense of stability and economy would need to be self
but not expert in finance or economy- security sufficient
Four Year Plan 1936 aimed to make ● Although reduction can be partially ● Schacht knew rearmament would
Germany self sufficient for materials attributed to natural stabilisation of need to be funded within Germany's
essential for war within 4 years economy following the depression own money so introduced mefo bills
● Forced businesses to create synthetic ● Nazis also attempted to reduce which paid for the deficit on a credit
raw materials for essential items eg unemployment figure by removing system
rubber, fuel and textiles women and jews from statistics- figure ● Short term solution- long term would
● Krupp was forced to finance Buna illusive to actuality result in inflationary pressure and
synthetic rubber project ● Nazi adopted policy of accepting any economic ruin
● IG Farben and other miners forced to work they were offered or be ● Schacht's failure to meet Hitlers
invest £100 million in Bra Big project- considered work shy- sent to conc expensive rearmament ideals resulted
extract petron from lignite camps in his removal from power in 1937
● By 1939, Germany still reliant on ● By 1939 unemployment figure ● Four Year Plan aimed to complete
foreign imports for ⅓ of its production reduced to 302,000 rearmament by increasing production
● Trade with britain and US decreased, of raw materials eg coal, iron ore, oil,
trade with Balkans did increase metals and explosives
, ● Autarky attempts led to more ● By 1936 only 26% of iron and steel
intensive farming- disastrous impacts produced from German ore
eg restriction of fodder products that ● Gov expenditure increased from 12
had limited production of livestock and billion in 1929 to 13 billion in 1939 due
reduced supply of natural fertilisers to increase in money spend on
● Rigid dietary controls created bland weapons
diet- limited meat, eggs, sugar and ● Rearmament spending increased
fruits and introduction of black bread from 4 million 1933-5 to 42 million in
that led to stomach disorders 1936-9
● Unbalanced focus on rearmament-
deleterious impact on other societal
aspects
With which social group did the Nazis have greater success in imposing their ideals in the years 1933-1939, Youth or Women?
Youth Women
● Hitler aimed to indoctrinate Nazi ideology/philosophy through ● Hitler aimed to increase birth rate amongst women
organisations ● Propaganda campaigns promoted motherhood and rewarded
● Eg Hitler Youth for boys aged 14-18- taught military values- mothers with several children- eg Mother cross, gold cross
sense of patriotism awarded to women with 8 or more children
● Girls taught obedience/domestic skills ● Smoking, contraception and abortion illegal to improve fertility
● 1936 100,000 members of Hitler youth and Girls league ● Lebensborn programme- unmarried women could donate a
attended a Nuremberg rally and shortly afterwards 900 girls baby to the Fuhrer by becoming pregnant with racially pure
15-18 who attended pregnant SS men
● At start of 1933 Hitler youth membership 55,000 but by ● Subsidised of 100 marks per child
disbanding competitor youth organisations, membership rose ● By 1937 over 100,000 ‘unfit’ women sterilised- counter
to 60% of adolescents intuitive
● 1939 Hitler youth became mandatory ● In 1936 there were over 30% more births than in 1933 and
● Also aimed to control youth through education birth rate increased from 1 million 1933-1.5 million 1939
● Nationalistic approach to curriculum- History based on glory of ● Hitler also aimed to remove women from work force- silent in
German and biology studied races to prove aryans genetic society
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