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BIOL 235 FINAL EXAM 2023/2024 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (RATED A+)
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BIOL 235 FINAL EXAM 2023/2024 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (RATED A+)
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BIOL 235 FINAL EXAM 2023/2024 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (RATED A+)Erythrocytes contain the enzyme Correct Ans - carbonic anhydrase
carbonic anhydrase catalyzes Correct Ans - the conversion of metabolically produced C)2 and water into carbonic acid
fixed phagocytic macrophages Correct Ans - remove most old erythrocytes from circulation
Location of fixed phagocytic macrophages Correct Ans - narrow capillaries of the spleen
Undifferentiated cells called pluripotent stem cells reside Correct Ans - in the bone marrow
pluripotent stem cells Correct Ans - continuously divide and develop myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells to give rise to each of the types of blood cells
emigration or diapedesis Correct Ans - The process of leukocytes squeezing through the capillary endothelium to exit the vasculature
agglutinins Correct Ans - genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens found on the surface of an erythrocyte
ESV Correct Ans - volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed
Increase in ESV when Correct Ans - stroke volume is decreased
Three cations with important effect on heart function Correct Ans - K+,
Ca2+, and Na+
Increased blood levels of NA+ Correct Ans - blocks Ca2+ inflow and decreases force of contraction Excess in K+ Correct Ans - blocks generation of action potentials
pharynx Correct Ans - serves as a sound resonating chamber, contains tonsils, directs air flow inferiorly
larynx Correct Ans - passes air form pharynx into windpipe, site of sound production
paranasal sinuses Correct Ans - resonates sound, not part of the pharynx
fauces Correct Ans - opening from oral cavity into pharynx
tertiary bronchus Correct Ans - carries air to a segment of a lung
terminal bronchiole Correct Ans - carries air directly into a respiratory
bronchiole
pleural membranes Correct Ans - surround the lungs
surfactant Correct Ans - reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange
alveoli Correct Ans - actual sites of gas exchange
eupnea Correct Ans - normal, quiet breathing
costal breathing Correct Ans - shallow breathing using just the external intercostal muscles
compliance Correct Ans - amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest wall
inspiratory capacity Correct Ans - tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually about 3600 mL in males
vital capacity Correct Ans - tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 4800 mL in males functional residual capacity Correct Ans - residual volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 2400 mL in males
Henry's law Correct Ans - states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility
Bohr effect Correct Ans - when pH decreases, O2 saturation of hemoglobin decreases
Dalton's law Correct Ans - each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own
partial pressure
medulla oblongata Correct Ans - sets basic rhythm of breathing
pons Correct Ans - includes the pontine respiratory group
Blood is Correct Ans - a connective tissue that consists of blood plasma
(liquid) plus formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)
Whole blood Correct Ans - blood plasma and formed elements
Blood plasma Correct Ans - proteins, water, other solutes
Blood plasma proteins Correct Ans - albumins (54%), globulins (36%),
fibrinogens (7%)
Formed elements Correct Ans - red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Blood cell production Correct Ans - hemopoesis, mainly occurs in red bone marrow after birth
Reticulocyte Correct Ans - from proerythrocyte, ejects nucleus
Average lifespan of an erythrocyte Correct Ans - 120 days Rate of RBC formation by red blood cells Correct Ans - equals the rate of RBC destruction by macrophages
Emigration or diapedesis is Correct Ans - the process by which phagocytic cells leave blood vessels
WBCs use to destroy pathogens Correct Ans - lysozyme, defensins, and
certain anions
Neutrophils Correct Ans - are usually the first and most numerous responders to an infection
Macrophages Correct Ans - react more slowly to an infection than neutrophils do
Pluripotent stem cells are derived from Correct Ans - mesenchyme
Megakaryoblasts Correct Ans - platelet precursor cells, develop into megakaryocytes
Platelet Correct Ans - fragment of megakaryocyte that is enclosed by a piece of plasma membrane
Platelet plug Correct Ans - can stop blood loss completely if the hole in
a blood vessel is small enough
Hemostasis Correct Ans - sequence of responses that stops bleeding, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, blood clotting
Blood clot Correct Ans - gel that contains formed elements of the blood
entangled in fibrin threads
In blood clotting Correct Ans - coagulation factors are activated in sequence, resulting in a cascade of reactions that includes positive feedback cycles
Extrinsic pathway of blood clotting Correct Ans - fewer steps, thromboplastic leaks into the blood from cells outside (extrinsic to) blood vessels and initiates the formation of prothrombinase
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