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BIOD 121 Portage module 4 /59 Questions and answers. – All correct.
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BIOD 121 Portage module 4 /59Questions and answers. – All correct.
essential vitamins - -13 vitamins that animal cells need but can't
synthesize
found in both plant and animal sources
-vitamins produced by the body –
-vitamin K and biotin (gut flora)
vitamin D (skin)
vitamin A (from beta carotene)
niacin (tryptophan)
-two criteria for vitamins - -1. must be consumed in the diet to
maintain health.
2. symptoms of deficiency occur in its absence
-enrichment - -adding nutrients back that have been lost to
processing
-fortification - -adding nutrient not naturally present in a food
-Fat soluble vitamins - -Vitamins A, D, E, K
stored in liver and adipose tissue
excess consumption could lead to toxic levels
-two forms of vitamin a - -
1. Preformed Vitamin A (retinol/retinal), found in foods and
animal products: liver, fish, fish oils, fortified milk, yogurt, and
eggs
2. Provitamin A or Carotene, the pigment in yellow, orange, and
deep green fruits or vegetables
-vitamin A functions - -
Vision
skin and epithelial health
growth, development, reproduction
disease prevention
, -two forms of vitamin D - -D2 (ergocalciferol, synthetic) and D3
(cholecalciferol)
produced skin > liver > kidney
fatty fish, fortified cereal, eggs, butter, fortified milk, and yogurt
-vitamin D functions - -regulation of calcium levels and bone
metabolism
immune system, skin development, muscle health, and blood
pressure control
-vitamin A deficiency - -Night blindness, xeropthalmia, dry skin,
growth failure
toxicity > 3000mcg/day increased hip fracture, liver toxicity, and
fetal malformations
-vitamin D deficiency - -rickets, osteomalacia
increased risk of infections, cancers, autoimmune disease, and
cardiovascular disease
-vitamin E function - -antioxidant that protects erythrocytes and
membranes from damage
in the body (alpha-tocopherol) or in plants (gamma-tocopherol)
oils, cereals, eggs, margarines, whole grains, and nuts.
-vitamin E deficiency - -Rare, can occur if fat malabsorption is
present
cellular breakdown and hemolysis
toxicity > 1000mg/day may interfere with blood clotting action of
Vitamin K
-vitamin K function - -blood clotting, bone formation
oils, plants, fish and meats, green leafy vegetables, green beans,
soybean and canola oils, and liver
synthesize small amts in GI tracts (except infants)
80mcg
deficiency and toxicity both rare
-water soluble vitamins - -B vitamins and vitamin C
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