Bio 150 module 1 exam 2023 with complete solution

Properties of Life order, sensitivity or response to stimuli, reproduction, adaptation, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. order Organisms are highly organized structures that consist of one or more cells. Even very simple, single-celled organisms are remarkably complex. Inside each cell, atoms make up molecules. These in turn make up cell components or organelles. sensitivity to stimuli the ability to detect changes in the environment and respond to them reproduction single cells- replicate dna multi - produce specialized reproductive cells to create new organisms adaptation A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce Growth and Development consistent growth and development controlled by inherited DNA regulation transporting nutrients, removing waste Energy Processing the use of chemical energy to power an organism's activities (metabolic activities) and chemical reactions atom smallest and most fundamental unit of matter molecule a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond Macromolecules A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller units (monomers) ex dna Organelle small structures that exist within cells and carry out specialized functions cell the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism Prokaryote are single-celled organisms that lack organelles surrounded by a membrane and do not have nuclei surrounded by nuclear membranes Eukaryote A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles tissues Groups of cells carrying out the same function organs Tissues are organized into:, group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions. in plants and animals organ system group of organs that work together to perform a specific function organism individual living thing population A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area community All the different populations that live together in an area Ecosystem A community of organisms and their abiotic environment Biosphere the collection of all ecosystems, and it represents the zones of life on Earth. It includes land, water, and portions of the atmosphere. Evoultion the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth. Taxonomy created by carl linnaeus he scientific study of how living things are classified. 8 levels.The current taxonomic system now has eight levels in its hierarchy, from lowest to highest, they are: species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain. each level gets more specific domain Scientists now recognize three domains of life, the Eukarya, the Archaea, and the Bacteria. The domain Eukarya contains organisms that have cells with nuclei. It includes the kingdoms of fungi, plants, animals, and several kingdoms of protists. The Archaea, are single-celled organisms without nuclei and include many extremophiles that live in harsh environments like hot springs. The Bacteria are another quite different group of single-celled organisms without nuclei (Figure 1.10). Both the Archaea and the Bacteria are prokaryotes, an informal name for cells without nuclei. phylogenetic tree A family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms. Palentology the study of fossils biotechnologist Biotechnologists apply the knowledge of biology to create useful products. ecologist Ecologists study the interactions of organisms in their environments. Physiologist Physiologists study the workings of cells, tissues and organs. forensic science The application of scientific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law. science from the Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") can be defined as knowledge about the natural world. Scientific Method a method of research with defined steps that include experiments and careful observation. Hypothesis is a suggested explanation for an event, which can be tested. Hypotheses, or tentative explanations, are generally produced within the context of a scientific theory. scientific theories A scientific theory is a generally accepted, thoroughly tested and confirmed explanation for a set of observations or phenomena. Scientific theory is the foundation of scientific knowledge. scientific laws in many scientific disciplines (less so in biology) there are scientific laws, often expressed in mathematical formulas, which describe how elements of nature will behave under certain specific conditions. natural sciences disciplines that examine the natural world life science a field of science, such as biology, that studies living things physical science the scientific study of nonliving matter. ex chem and physics inductive reasoning a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. This type of reasoning is common in descriptive science. uses evidence deductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses a general principle or law to forecast specific results. From those general principles, a scientist can extrapolate and predict the specific results that would be valid as long as the general principles are valid. descriptive science a form of science that aims to observe, explore, and discover hypothesis based sci hypothesis-based science begins with a specific question or problem and a potential answer or solution that can be tested. falsifiable able to be disproven by experimental results variable A factor that can change in an experiment control In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison basic science science that seeks to expand knowledge regardless of the short-term application of that knowledge applied science a form of science that solves real-world problems peer-reviewed article a journal article that was blind reviewed by two or more nurse experts for a blind review to assure the validity, quality, and reliability of information Species (taxonomy) Very specific, small group genus A classification grouping that consists of a number of similar, closely related species Family (taxonomy) similar genera Forensic Pathology Main effort is to determine the cause of death and the circumstances of how the death occurred Forensic Entomology the study of insects as they pertain to legal issues Criminalistics the scientific examination of physical evidence for legal purposes toxicology study of poisonous substances and their effects upon body parts questioned documents Examination of documents to compare handwriting, ink, paper, writing instruments, printers, and other characteristics that would help to identify its origin. forensic anthropology the study of human remains applied to a legal context ballistics the study of the dynamics of projectiles Forensic Biology dna and blood typing Odontologist teeth livor mortis The pooling of the blood in tissues after death resulting in a reddish color to the skin. begins 20-30 min after death, usually not detectable til 2 hrs after death coagulation blood clotting rigor mortis stiffness of the body that sets in several hours after death. 2-36 hrs effect lasts algor mortis The cooling of the body after death. loses 1.5 degrees per hr approximately neo face chicago facial recognition database Kastle- myer blood test a presumptive blood test, which the chemical indicator phenolphthalein is used to detect the possible presence of hemoglobin. tests if something is blood. turns pink STR analysis a method of DNA profiling that compares the lengths of STR sequences at specific sites in the genome organism's scientific name genus and species mortis stages in order Pallor mortis ( pale face and body), algor mortis ( body temp drops), rigor mortis ( body stiffens), livor mortis (blood stops moving takes 6-8 hrs)