CPE E1 Highlights (Spring 2023)| 335 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

During an initial cardiovascular screening, how many degrees should a patient be reclined? correct answer: 45 degree angle of upper body How is the arterial system evaluated? correct answer: - Pulses - BP How is the venous system evaluated? correct answer: - Jugular pulses - Varicose veins What is a normal jugular pulse finding? correct answer: No higher at peak than 4 cm above clavicle What does a normal jugular pulse finding indicate? correct answer: Patient does NOT have increased pressure in the right atrium What other things are indicated by a normal jugular pulse finding? correct answer: - No tricuspid valve disease - No pulmonic valve disease - No right ventricular hypertrophy - No serious pulmonary HTN What is the test used to further evaluate an abnormal jugular pulse? correct answer: Hepatojugular reflux How is the hepatojugular reflux evaluated? correct answer: By placing a hand over the liver and holding for 10 seconds, then rechecking jugular pulse What is an abnormal hepatojugular reflux? correct answer: - Jugular pulse has increased 1 cm or more - AKA postive hepatojugular reflux What is a normal hepatojugular reflux? correct answer: - Jugular pulse has increased approx. 1/2 cm Performing jugular pulse & hepato