Summary Limits of knowledge (PHILOSOPHY AQA A* ALEVEL NOTES)
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Course
Epistemology
Institution
AQA
Book
Philosophy for AS and A Level
This document covers the full summarised notes of the micheal lacewing aswell as teacher teaching, it has given me an A* in my exams and my teachers have approved of these notes.
Please contact me with any questions.
NORMAL INCREDUILITY VS PHILOSOPHICAL SCEPTICISM
Normal incredulity = doubts about everyday truth claims within the framework of an
assumption about the reality of the external world, based on reasons drawn from the
external world e.g I am not sure that there really is God
- Context based
- Practical consequences
- Founded on good reasons and is specific
Philosophical scepticism = doubts about the existence of the external world
- Do not make sense in every day circumstances e.g. if you have just broken your arm
you wouldn’t think ‘do I really have an arm’
- Raising doubts about our normal justification for knowledge
o CLAIMS THAT THESE NROMAL JUSTIFICATIONS = INADEQUATE
Not context based
Not practical
Not based on good reasons
General and broad about how we know
Summary:
Philosophical scepticism is view that our usual justifications for claiming our beliefs
amount fo knowledge are inadequate = so we do not have in fact knowledge e.g. whether
there is a teapot floating between here and moon
Normal incredulity is our normal everyday doubts about whether some claim is true or not
e.g. no evidence of a teapot floating between here and the moon so it is not there
BRAIN IN A VAT ARGUMENT =
- Not walking talking human, just simply a brain in a vat
- Connected to my brain is a supercomputer and generates illusion of reality as I
experience it now
- Sensory experienced produced in brain by electrical signals from the supercomputer
o Living in a virtual reality
Since I think that the reality, I experience = real one, I AM BEING
DECIEVED
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