NASM Nutrition Certification Exam Latest Update

NASM Nutrition Certification 1. Scope of Practice what CAN'T a nutrition coach do? CAN'T provide specific meal plans prescribe supplements or vitamins suggest drastic calorie restriction promote fasting/detoxing prescribe diets that omit or severely restrict specific food groups in any way go against advice of a licensed healthcare professional provide plans for ultra athletes provide plans for anyone with chronic health conditions provide nutrition therapy to treat or prevent disease provide exercise prescriptions (unless a certified trainer) 2. What CAN a nutrition coach do? evaluate current eating plans and give guidance recommend they discuss supplement use with their health care prof promote calorie guidelines given through USDA My Plate rec gradual dietary recs discuss importance of balanced intake of nutrients offer nutritional guidelines for anyone wanting to participate in typical athletic activites (5k etc) provide guidance for healthy pops Offer advice on eating behaviors and/or macronutrients that are known to reduce the risk of disease or slow disease progression. Offer exercise and physical activity guidelines. 3. What 4 things need to be considered when educating your client? 1. Is it highly relevant? (For example, discussions on meal prep for a family would not be relevant if the client is single and lives alone.) 2. based on prior experience(The client who has had countless attempts at weight loss can relate to weight loss strategies, especially if he or she is open to options and has bought into trying new things.) 3. Practical 4. perceived to be important(If a client just lost a partner to a heart attack, the client may likely be very interested in heart-healthy foods.) 4. What is the SCOFF questionnaire? What are the questions? 5 questions to determine if there's an eating disorder Do you make yourself Sick because you feel uncomfortably full? Do you worry that you have lost Control over how much you eat? Have you recently lost more than One stone (14 lbs) in a 3-month period? Do you believe yourself to be Fat when others say you are too thin? Would you say that Food dominates your life? 5. Considerations of working with a client with Type 2 Diabetes work in conjuction with licensed health provider be aware of any signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia (significant hunger, dizziness, lethargy, sweating, loss of energy, headaches, and extreme thirst). 6. List common reasons to refer your client to a professional 1. lack of progress towards weight goals (dietician) 2. pregnancy ne in athletic performance ( doctor or dietician that specializes in sports perf) 4. Change in health status: onset of CAD signs/symptoms, trouble regulating blood glucose levels, issues with shortness of breath, chronic pain or fatigue, etc. 5. obsessed with weight loss or gain (psych, eating disorder specialist or rdn) 6. mental health issues 7. Client with well-regulated chronic condition now wants to participate in athletic competition or extreme sports (i.e., a person with diabetes who wants to do an Ironman triathlon) 8. Change in gastrointestinal status 9. Client with a chronic condition considering adding supplements to existing medications (i.e., herbs, homeopathy, etc.) 7. define science a method of attempting to arrive at objective truths 8. define hypothesis scientists formulates a possible explanation. if the experiments fail to support the hypothesis, then hypothesis needs to be changed 9. define scientific method The process of formulating explanations about the natural world and testing those explanations with experiments and data. 10. What are the 3 components of evidence-based practice? 1. the weight of the evidence 2. field observations-things i may notice about a client-scientists may have yet to study these 3. individual client needs and preferences "A three-pronged approach to working with clients, which consists of making decisions based on the weight of the scientific evidence, field observations, and individual client needs and preferences." 11. Describe the Scientific Method 1. identify the problem 2. form a hypothesis 3. design study to test the hypo 4. collect and interpret data 5. discard or change hypo if data doesn't support it/continue testing data that supports the hypo 12. define theory A hypothesis or set of hypotheses for which a large body of high-quality evidence has been accumulated. 13. hiearchy of evidence from most reliable to least systematic reviews and meta analysis randomized control trials observational research peer reviewed and expert opinion non-peer reviewed including anecdote and tradition 14. define anecdote a recount of a person's experience 15. define uncontrolled variable a variable that the scientist makes no effort to account for 16. primary vs secondary research Original research where scientists perform experiments and collect data - this is in contrast to secondary research where scientists analyze data that has already been collected or published elsewhere. 17. observational research can only show correlations. Correlation does not equal causation. For example, ice cream intake goes up in the summer. There is a higher incidence of broken bones in the summer An example would be where scientists take 10,000 people, assess their dietary habits and body weight, and follow up 10 years later. 18. correlation a relationship between 2 or more variables 19. randomized control trials scientists divide people into two or more groups in a random fashion. The scientists keep everything the same between the groups except for one variable. This variable is the independent variable. Scientists manipulate the independent variable in one or more groups and see how the groups respond. One group may not receive a treatment or may get a fake treatment (also known as a sham or placebo); this group is the control group (Figure: RCT Design). 20. external validity The ability to generalize the results of a study.-this is a downside of randomized control trials Animal studies are also a form of RCT. They have an advantage over human studies in that scientists have more control. This allows them to do a better job of isolating variables of interest. However, these studies can be limited in generalizability. Animal physiology, while similar to humans, is not the same. For example, rodents have a much greater capacity to convert carbs to fat; this means that high- versus low-carb studies in rodents are not necessarily applicable to people. 21. define systematic review A review where scientists systematically gather all research on a topic and evaluate it based on predefined criteria and rules. 22. define meta anylysis is a statistical analysis of RCTs. It is a study of studies. Scientists gather RCTs that fit predefined criteria. They run statistics on the group of studies to gain an idea of where the overall weight of evidence lies. 23. define empirical Experience and observations that are rational, testable, and repeatable. 24. test-retest reliability The ability to get similar results when something is measured under the same conditions. 25. example of unfalsifiable hypothesis Extra-Sensory Perception (ESP) is something that scientists have failed to demonstrate in dozens and dozens of experiments. However, ESP believers will respond by saying the skeptical thoughts of the scientists are blocking ESP transmission. The hypothesis that ESP exists becomes unfalsifiable, since, with every single failed experiment, believers will have some sort of reason why the experiment failed to support its existence.