AP World History Exam Comprehensive Test

AP World History Exam Baron De Montesquieu - was a french philosopher. He argued that the best system of government divided the power of government into three parts: legislative, executive, and judicial. Each part of all those bodies was bound by the rule of law. Wrote about gov. In democracy, the people are sovereign. They govern through elected officials, which they have chosen themselves. the an aristocracy the laws must prevent the nobility from abusing that people. In a monarchy, governing is by a single person. Also wrote about liberty. Liberty is not the right of people to do whatever they want to do. Means that each person has has much personal freedom as possible while at the same giving each person personal safety. Jean Rousseau - was a french philosopher. Rousseau believed that people are basically good. It was gov. that oppressed people and created misery in their lives. In his book social contract he wrote that gov. and laws should come about as a result of the consent of the people. "Gov. by the consent of the governed." The general will of society is reflected in the opinion of majority. John Locke - an English philosopher. In two treatises o gov. he wrote that people should form a government to protect their natural rights. He identified natural rights as the rights to life, liberty and property. He said that gov. must be responsive to the people it governs. If the gov. does not meet that needs of the people, the people have the right to overthrow the gov. Mary Wollstonecraft - was an english philosopher. Her most famous book was vindication of the rights f women. Women in 17th century europe had virtually no rights and were not allowed to vote. argued for social equality between men and women. She wrote that boys and girls should be taught together in the same schools and classrooms. She wanted women to have professions and careers. She said that married women, mothers and widows should be able to earn a living and manage their own affairs. Thomas Hobbbes - was an english philosopher. In his book leviathan he described people without a government as greedy and cruel. His solution was for the people to make a social contract and create a powerful government to keep peace and order. People had to give up some of their rights to the government. Thomas jefferson - has been called a life centered philosopher. Believed that knowledge should be used to improve human life. He invented machinery, was observer of nature and man and corresponded with experts around the world on topics that ranged from meteorology to fossils. He was the principal author of the declaration of independence and the virginia act of establishing religions freedom. After serving as president, he found, designed, and led the university of Virginia. William blackstone - was a british legal scholar. Complied commentaries on the laws of england which was published in four volumes. His work indentified the basic principles of english law. He wrote about the nature of laws in general and the absolute rights of individuals.